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61.
S. S. Hullavarad R. D. Vispute B. Nagaraj V. N. Kulkarni S. Dhar T. Venkatesan K. A. Jones M. Derenge T. Zheleva M. H. Ervin A. Lelis C. J. Scozzie D. Habersat A. E. Wickenden L. J. Currano M. Dubey 《Journal of Electronic Materials》2006,35(4):777-794
In this paper we report recent advances in pulsed-laser-deposited AIN thin films for high-temperature capping of SiC, passivation
of SiC-based devices, and fabrication of a piezoelectric MEMS/NEMS resonator on Pt-metallized SiO2/Si. The AlN films grown using the reactive laser ablation technique were found to be highly stoichiometric, dense with an
optical band gap of 6.2 eV, and with a surface smoothness of less than 1 nm. A low-temperature buffer-layer approach was used
to reduce the lattice and thermal mismatch strains. The dependence of the quality of AlN thin films and its characteristics
as a function of processing parameters are discussed. Due to high crystallinity, near-perfect stoichiometry, and high packing
density, pulsed-laser-deposited AlN thin films show a tendency to withstand high temperatures up to 1600°C, and which enables
it to be used as an anneal capping layer for SiC wafers for removing ion-implantation damage and dopant activation. The laser-deposited
AlN thin films show conformal coverage on SiC-based devices and exhibit an electrical break-down strength of 1.66 MV/cm up
to 350°C when used as an insulator in Ni/AlN/SiC metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) devices. Pulsed laser deposition (PLD)
AlN films grown on Pt/SiO2/Si (100) substrates for radio-frequency microelectrical and mechanical systems and nanoelectrical and mechanical systems
(MEMS and NEMS) demonstrated resonators having high Q values ranging from 8,000 to 17,000 in the frequency range of 2.5–0.45
MHz. AlN thin films were characterized by x-ray diffraction, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (in normal and oxygen
resonance mode), atomic force microscopy, ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Applications
exploiting characteristics of high bandgap, high bond strength, excellent piezoelectric characteristics, extremely high chemical
inertness, high electrical resistivity, high breakdown strength, and high thermal stability of the pulsed-laser-deposited
thin films have been discussed in the context of emerging developments of SiC power devices, for high-temperature electronics,
and for radio frequency (RF) MEMS. 相似文献
62.
Neospora caninum tachyzoites were identified in areas of the cerebrum with lesions of non-suppurative encephalitis in an aborted bovine fetus in Spain. 相似文献
63.
JP Dubey KR Dorough MC Jenkins S Liddell CA Speer OC Kwok SK Shen 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,28(8):1293-1304
Clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and isolation of Neospora caninum from two littermate dogs are described. Three of six pups from a Labrador bitch developed paralysis. Neosporosis was diagnosed ante mortem by serological examination in two of the affected pups. At necropsy, tissue cysts were seen in unstained smears and in histologic sections of their brains. Tissue cysts were often thin-walled (approximately 1 micron) but antigenically and ultrastructurally identified as N. caninum. Furthermore, N. caninum (isolates NC-4, NC-5) was isolated in mice and in cell cultures inoculated with neural tissues of these two dogs. Serological diagnosis of neosporosis using a variety of tests is discussed. 相似文献
64.
65.
Ray MC Reddy JN 《IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control》2004,51(11):1477-1490
This paper deals with the active structural acoustic control of thin laminated composite plates using piezoelectric fiber-reinforced composite (PFRC) material for the constraining layer of active constrained layer damping (ACLD) treatment. A finite element model is developed for the laminated composite plates integrated with the patches of ACLD treatment to describe the coupled structural-acoustic behavior of the plates enclosing an acoustic cavity. The performance of the PFRC layers of the patches has been investigated for active control of sound radiated from thin symmetric and antisymmetric cross-ply and antisymmetric angle-ply laminated composite plates into the acoustic cavity. The significant effect of variation of piezoelectric fiber orientation in the PFRC layer on controlling the structure-borne sound radiated from thin laminated plates has been investigated to determine the fiber angle in the PFRC layer for which the structural-acoustic control authority of the patches becomes maximum. 相似文献
66.
Thermal decomposition of powdered ammonium perchlorate (AP), polystyrene (PS) and propellant, catalysed by freshly-prepared CuCr2O4 and mixtures of CuCr2O4 and CuO, has been studied with a low concentration (1% by mass) of the catalysts. It appears that decomposition is increased due to heterogeneous catalysis. The kinetics of thermal decomposition of AP in the presence of CuCr2O4 in the orthorhombic region of AP have also been studied. 相似文献
67.
Spatio-kinetic variation of methane oxidizing bacteria in paddy soil at mid-tillering: effect of N-fertilizers 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
S.K. Dubey 《Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems》2003,65(1):53-59
Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the variation ofpopulation size of methanotrophs (MOB) and CH4 oxidation pattern inflooded rice soils sampled at three spatial points (rhizosphere, bulk and baresoils). Rhizosphere soil had higher MOB population size (301.1 ×105 cells g–1 dry soil) than bulk(37.2× 105 cells g–1 dry soil) andbare soil (19.1 × 105 cells g–1dry soil). The population size of MOB followed a decreasing trend with respectto fertilizer (urea NH4NO3 NH4Cl control). The result indicated that rhizosphere soil presented thestrongestCH4 oxidation activities, as shown by the highest values of the twokinetic parameters (K
m(app) andV
max). K
m andV
max increased significantly from bare to bulkto rhizosphere soil in control and fertilized soil and ranged from 6.2 to 133.2g g–1 dry soil and from 0.03 to 0.41g h–1 g–1 dry soil,respectively. The differences in K
m andV
max among the three soils (rhizosphere, bulkand bare) in this study could be due to differential species composition ofmethanotrophic community and/or to conditioning of MOB under different soilmicroenvironments. The present study has demonstrated a competitive inhibition effectof NH4
+-N on CH4 oxidation. 相似文献
68.
Abhishek Dubey Steve Nordstrom Turker Keskinpala Sandeep Neema Ted Bapty Gabor Karsai 《Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering》2007,3(1):33-52
Designing autonomic fault responses is difficult, particularly in large-scale systems, as there is no single ‘perfect’ fault
mitigation response to a given failure. The design of appropriate mitigation actions depend upon the goals and state of the
application and environment. Strict time deadlines in real-time systems further exacerbate this problem. Any autonomic behavior
in such systems must not only be functionally correct but should also conform to properties of liveness, safety and bounded
time responsiveness. This paper details a real-time fault-tolerant framework, which uses a reflex and healing architecture
to provide fault mitigation capabilities for large-scale real-time systems. At the heart of this architecture is a real-time
reflex engine, which has a state-based failure management logic that can respond to both event- and time-based triggers. We
also present a semantic domain for verifying properties of systems, which use this framework of real-time reflex engines.
Lastly, a case study, which examines the details of such an approach, is presented. 相似文献
69.
Amit Kumar Dubey Praveen Gupta Subashisa Dutta Bimlesh Kumar 《International journal of remote sensing》2013,34(23):7815-7827
In this study, river stage variation derived from satellite altimetry was used to assess the water level, monthly discharge, and annual water yield at six virtual gauging stations at the braided reaches of the Brahmaputra River. The braided reaches of the river dynamically change their planform, thalweg line, and aggradation or degradation period. Stage records derived from the Envisat satellite of the European Space Agency and Topex/Poseidon of NASA/CNES were used for the period 2002–2010. Spatial interpolation and datum correction were applied on altimetry-derived river stage records before analysis. A correlation and error analysis between the in situ and satellite-altimetry-derived stages was carried out for these stations for both monsoon and non-monsoon seasons. Yearly optical satellite images were used for qualitative assessment of temporal variations in aggradation/degradation phases at the gauging stations. Using the pseudo-rating curve, discharges at two virtual gauging stations were estimated. The results show that the altimetry-estimated discharges are of good agreement with observed discharge for the monsoon months (June–September) as compared with the non-monsoon months (October–May). In order to assess the annual water yield variability, yearly variation in annual water yield from the altimetry data was also estimated and compared to that observed. The estimated annual water yields were 90% accurate. Similarly, the long-term averaged monthly discharge series estimated from satellite altimetry closely follows the temporal trend of that of the observed series. 相似文献
70.
Pavan S. Kulkarni Sachin D. Ghude S. L. Jain B. C. Arya P. K. Dubey Shahnawaz 《International journal of remote sensing》2013,34(6):1545-1559
A tropospheric ozone variability study is carried out to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution over the coastline of the Indian peninsula and adjacent land and sea using NASA Langley Tropospheric Ozone Residual data set for the period 1979–2005. A strong seasonal cycle has been observed with large variation (~ 55%) over the upper eastern coast, followed by the upper and lower western coast, compared to the lower eastern coast (~ 33%). A negative gradient in ozone concentration is observed along eastern and western coasts during summer (slope ~ –0.78 and –0.65) and a positive gradient (slope ~ 0.16 and 0.21) during winter. The same is observed over the adjacent land and sea along the coastline with slight variation. This change in gradient can be attributed to the anthropogenic emission of precursor gases that reinforce localized photochemical production of ozone. In addition, topography, transport, seasonality of emission of precursor gases and the solar insolation cycle play a vital role. 相似文献