Theoretical Determination of Geometrical Factors in the Skin Depth Region of Enclosed Cavity Perturbation Technique

A method for the calculation of the geometrical factors in the skin depth region of the enclosed cavity perturbation technique is presented. All geometrical factors necessary for the extraction of the surface impedance are obtained for ellipsoidal samples. Based on analytical expressions, we derive the interpolation formulae for the data analysis in the crossover region between the skin depth region and the quasistatic region, which is required for measurements in the case of samples exhibiting a metal-insulator transition. From the perturbation framework, where the complex frequency shift is related to the electromagnetic fields at the surface of the sample in the corresponding scattering problem, we discuss multiple perturbation parameters in the enclosed cavity perturbation technique.     

Performances and acoustic noise of micro multi-blade fan

In this paper, the performances and the acoustic noise of the traditional type micro multi-blade fan were investi- gated experimentally and numerically, to optimize the specifications of the fan for the resident circumstances. The acoustic noise level decreases but the efficiency deteriorates slightly with the increase of the blade number of the impeller. Besides, the acoustic noise decreases with the increase of the distance between the impeller outlet and the volute tongue, in accompanying with the increase of the input and the deterioration of the fan efficiency.     

Optical Properties of Blue-Emitting BaAl2S4∶Eu Thin-Films for Inorganic EL Display

The optical properties of blue emitting BaAl2S4:Eu thin-films were studied. The emission peak is around 470 nm, whose FWHM (full width at half maximum) is 35 nm. The dielectric constant is 3.03 from transmission spectrum, and the optical band gap is approximately 4.6 eV. It is found that the cubic phase and orthorhombic phase exist in fabricated thin-films. Furthermore, the energy band structure of BaAl2S4:Eu thin-films from X-ray photo-electron spectra (XPS) and the absorption spectra were analyzed.     

Supposed maximum information for comprehensible representations in SOM

In this paper, we propose a new information-theoretic method to simplify the computation of information and to unify several methods in one framework. The new method is called “supposed maximum information,” used to produce humanly comprehensible representations in competitive learning by taking into account the importance of input units. In the new learning method, by supposing the maximum information of input units, the actual information of input units is estimated. Then, the competitive network is trained with the estimated information in input units. The method is applied not to pure competitive learning, but to self-organizing maps, because it is easy to demonstrate visually how well the new method can produce more interpretable representations. We applied the method to three well-known sets of data, namely, the Kohonen animal data, the SPECT heart data and the voting data from the machine learning database. With these data, we succeeded in producing more explicit class boundaries on the U-matrices than did the conventional SOM. In addition, for all the data, quantization and topographic errors produced by our method were lower than those by the conventional SOM.     

Eu2+‐doped barium thioaluminate EL devices prepared by two‐target pulsed‐electron‐beam evaporation

Abstract— New blue‐emitting thin‐film‐electroluminescent (TFEL) devices that satisfy the requirements for full‐color TFEL displays were developed. Eu²⁺‐doped BaAl²S⁴ thin films were used for the emission layer. BaAl²S⁴:Eu thin films were prepared by two‐target pulsed‐electron‐beam evaporation suitable for the deposition of multinary compounds that have difficulty in obtaining stoichiometoric thin films. The EL spectrum only had a peak at around 470 nm. The Commission Interantionale de l'Eclairge (CIE) color coordinates were x = 0.12 and y = 0.10. The luminance level from a 50‐Hz pulses voltage was 65 cd/m².     

A flexible interpenetrating coordination framework with a bimodal porous functionality

Introducing a functional part into open-framework materials that tunes the pore size/shape and overall porous activity will open new routes in framework engineering and in the fabrication of new materials. We have designed and synthesized a bimodal microporous twofold interpenetrating network {[Ni(bpe)2(N(CN)2)](N(CN)2)(5H2O)}n (1), with two types of channel for anionic N(CN)2- (dicyanamide) and neutral water molecules, respectively. The dehydrated framework provides a dual function of specific anion exchange of free N(CN)2- for the smaller N3- anions and selective gas sorption. The N3-exchanged framework leads to a dislocation of the mutual positions of the two interpenetrating frameworks, resulting in an increase in the effective pore size in one of the counterparts of the channels and a higher accommodation of adsorbate than in the as-synthesized framework (1), showing the first case of controlled sorption properties in flexible porous frameworks.     

Control of Structural Distortions in Transition‐Metal Oxide Films through Oxygen Displacement at the Heterointerface

Structural distortions in the oxygen octahedral network in transition‐metal oxides play crucial roles in yielding a broad spectrum of functional properties, and precise control of such distortions is a key for developing future oxide‐based electronics. Here, it is shown that the displacement of apical oxygen atom shared between the octahedra at the heterointerface is a determining parameter for these distortions and consequently for control of structural and electronic phases of a strained oxide film. The present analysis by complementary annular dark‐ and bright‐field imaging in aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals that structural phase differences in strained monoclinic and tetragonal SrRuO₃ films grown on GdScO₃ substrates result from relaxation of the octahedral tilt, associated with changes in the in‐plane displacement of the apical oxygen atom at the heterointerface. It is further demonstrated that octahedral distortions and magnetrotransport properties of the SrRuO₃ films can be controlled by interface engineering of the oxygen displacement. This provides a further degree of freedom for manipulating structural and electronic properties in strained films, allowing the design of novel oxide‐based heterostructures.     

Multi-level selective potentiality maximization for interpreting multi-layered neural networks

Applied Intelligence - The present paper aims to extract the inference mechanism of neural networks, supposed to be hidden in complicated surface phenomena, by maximizing information in terms of...     

A Link between Spin Fluctuation and Fermi Surface in the High T c Cuprates — A Description within the Single-band Hubbard Model

A link between the spin structure and the shape of the Fermi surface is sys-tematically explored for the single-band repulsive Hubbard model with the fluctuation exchange (FLEX) approximation. We show that (i) the ex-perimentally observed band filling dependence of the peak position of the spin structure in the high T _C cuprates can be understood for both the hole-doped (YBCO, Bi2212) and electron-doped (NCCO) regimes. (ii) For La _2?xSr_xCuO₄, the spin-structure incommensurability and the ARPES re-sult for the Fermi surface can be understood simultaneously if the second nearest neighbor hopping decreases with the hole doping.     

Serum-Induced Expression of Brain Natriuretic Peptide Contributes to Its Increase in Patients with HFpEF

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels are increased in both patients with heart failure with preserved (HFpEF) and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), but the reasons for this remain unclear. Our purpose was to examine whether serum-induced BNP (iBNP) expression partly contributes to increased BNP in patients with HFpEF. BNP reporter cardiomyocytes from pBNP-luc-KI mice were stimulated with serum from patients with HFpEF or HFrEF (n = 114 and n = 82, respectively). Luciferase activity was examined as iBNP and the iBNP-to-BNP ratio was evaluated. Patient characteristics and clinical parameters were compared, and multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine independent predictors of the iBNP-to-BNP ratio. Female sex and frequencies of atrial fibrillation, hypertension and the use of a calcium channel blocker (CCB) were higher in HFpEF. The iBNP-to-BNP ratio was significantly higher in HFpEF (26.9) than in HFrEF (16.1, p < 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis identified the existence of HFpEF as an independent predictor of the iBNP-to-BNP ratio after adjusting for all other measurements (β = 0.154, p = 0.032). Age, hemoglobin, CCB usage and deceleration time were also independent predictors (β = 0.167, p = 0.025; β = 0.203, p = 0.006; β = 0.138, p = 0.049; and β = 0.143, p = 0.049, respectively). These results indicate that the elevated BNP in patients with HFpEF is partly due to iBNP from the heart.