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11.
Igor V. Zagaynov Ivan V. Shelepin Anatoly A. Konovalov Ekaterina A. Obraztsova Alexander V. Naumkin Alexey V. Bykov Vladimir G. Leontiev 《Ceramics International》2021,47(6):8142-8149
Ceria based solid solutions doped by Gd, Bi, and the third dopant were synthesized by the co-precipitation method with ultrasonic treatment, followed by calcination at the temperature of 500°С. Characterization of the synthesized nanosystems by XRD, TEM, TG, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, XPS was carried out. It is shown that all obtained powders of solid solutions crystallized into a cubic structure of the fluorite type, with an average particle size of 5–15 nm. The samples had a mesoporous structure of the pore diameter of 2–5 nm. The catalytic activity of Gd-Bi-M-Ce-O (M = Cu, Zr, Ni, Co, Mn) solid solutions was carried out. The catalyst Gd0.05Bi0.15Mn0.20Ce0.60O2 has the lowest oxidation temperature. 相似文献
12.
Abstract The multicore fibre laser (MCFL), containing an array of single-mode microcores in a circle inside the pump core, is a promising compact laser source. The problem is to synchronize the radiation of microcores with different propagation constants at a given radiation frequency. The theory of phase-locking of an MCFL with an external mirror and an annular waveguide matched to the multicore fibre and having a length some fraction of the Talbot distance is developed. Collective mode selection appears to occur due to spatial filtering at fractional Talbot distances, while the radiation frequency self-adjusts within the spectral gain range to minimize losses. Parallel coupling between microcores is achieved in the limit of a small fill factor. The maximum number of microcores that can be coupled is found. Good agreement is achieved between the theory and previously published experimental results. 相似文献
13.
Rachel E. Sheldon Chipo Mashayamombe Shao-Qing Shi Robert E. Garfield Anatoly Shmygol Andrew M. Blanks Hugo A. van den Berg 《Journal of the Royal Society Interface》2014,11(101)
The smooth muscle cells of the uterus contract in unison during delivery. These cells achieve coordinated activity via electrical connections called gap junctions which consist of aggregated connexin proteins such as connexin43 and connexin45. The density of gap junctions governs the excitability of the myometrium (among other factors). An increase in gap junction density occurs immediately prior to parturition. We extend a mathematical model of the myometrium by incorporating the voltage-dependence of gap junctions that has been demonstrated in the experimental literature. Two functional subtypes exist, corresponding to systems with predominantly connexin43 and predominantly connexin45, respectively. Our simulation results indicate that the gap junction protein connexin45 acts as a negative modulator of uterine excitability, and hence, activity. A network with a higher proportion of connexin45 relative to connexin43 is unable to excite every cell. Connexin45 has much more rapid gating kinetics than connexin43 which we show limits the maximum duration of a local burst of activity. We propose that this effect regulates the degree of synchronous excitation attained during a contraction. Our results support the hypothesis that as labour approaches, connexin45 is downregulated to allow action potentials to spread more readily through the myometrium. 相似文献
14.
Andrey A. Buglak Alexey V. Samokhvalov Anatoly V. Zherdev Boris B. Dzantiev 《International journal of molecular sciences》2020,21(22)
Aptamers are nucleic acid analogues of antibodies with high affinity to different targets, such as cells, viruses, proteins, inorganic materials, and coenzymes. Empirical approaches allow the design of in vitro aptamers that bind particularly to a target molecule with high affinity and selectivity. Theoretical methods allow significant expansion of the possibilities of aptamer design. In this study, we review theoretical and joint theoretical-experimental studies dedicated to aptamer design and modeling. We consider aptamers with different targets, such as proteins, antibiotics, organophosphates, nucleobases, amino acids, and drugs. During nucleic acid modeling and in silico design, a full set of in silico methods can be applied, such as docking, molecular dynamics (MD), and statistical analysis. The typical modeling workflow starts with structure prediction. Then, docking of target and aptamer is performed. Next, MD simulations are performed, which allows for an evaluation of the stability of aptamer/ligand complexes and determination of the binding energies with higher accuracy. Then, aptamer/ligand interactions are analyzed, and mutations of studied aptamers made. Subsequently, the whole procedure of molecular modeling can be reiterated. Thus, the interactions between aptamers and their ligands are complex and difficult to understand using only experimental approaches. Docking and MD are irreplaceable when aptamers are studied in silico. 相似文献
15.
Boris F. Belokopytov Kestutis S. Laurinavichius Tatyana V. Laurinavichene Maria L. Ghirardi Michael Seibert Anatoly A. Tsygankov 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2009
Eight natural microbial consortia collected from different sites were tested for dark, hydrogen production during starch degradation. The most active consortium was from silo pit liquid under mesophilic (37 °C) conditions. The fermentation medium for this consortium was optimized (Fe, NH4+, phosphates, peptone, and starch content) for both dark fermentation and for subsequent purple photosynthetic bacterial H2 photoproduction [Laurinavichene TV, Tekucheva DN, Laurinavichius KS, Ghirardi ML, Seibert M, Tsygankov AA. Towards the integration of dark and photo fermentative waste treatment. 1. Hydrogen photoproduction by purple bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus using potential products of starch fermentation. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2008;33(23):7020–26], in the presence of the spent dark, fermentation effluent. The addition of Zn (10 mg L−1), as a methanogenesis inhibitor that does not inhibit purple bacteria at this concentration, also did not inhibit dark, fermentative H2 production. The influence of various fermentation end products at different concentrations (up to 30 g L−1) on dark, H2 production was also examined. Added lactate stimulated, but added isobutyrate and butanol strongly inhibited gas production. Under optimal conditions the fermentation of starch (30 g L−1) resulted in 5.7 L H2 L−1 of culture (1.6 mol H2 per mole of hexose) with the co-production mainly of butyrate and acetate. 相似文献
16.
Khazanov E Andreev N Palashov O Poteomkin A Sergeev A Mehl O Reitze DH 《Applied optics》2002,41(3):483-492
We present a comprehensive and systematic investigation of the fundamental physical limitations of Faraday isolation performance at high average powers that are due to thermally induced birefringence. First, the operation of various Faraday isolator designs by use of arbitrary orientation of cubic magneto-optic crystals is studied theoretically. It is shown that, for different Faraday isolator designs, different crystal orientations can optimize the isolation ratio. Second, thermo-optic and photoelastic constants for terbium gallium garnet crystals grown by different manufacturers were measured. Measurements of self-induced depolarization are made for various orientations of crystallographic axes. The measurements are in good agreement with our theoretical predictions. Based on our results, it is possible to select a crystal orientation that optimizes isolation performance at high average powers, resulting in a 5-dB enhancement over nonoptimized orientations. 相似文献
17.
18.
Smith JT Wright SM Cross MA Monte L Kudelsky AV Saxén R Vakulovsky SM Timms DN 《Environmental science & technology》2004,38(3):850-857
Atmospheric nuclear weapons explosions and large-scale nuclear accidents may contaminate large areas of land with the long-lived radionuclides 137Cs and 90Sr. The mobility and bioavailability of these radionuclides in the environment is dependent primarily on soil characteristics and changes significantly over time after fallout (1-4). Radioisotope concentrations in different rivers and at different times after fallout vary over 2-3 orders of magnitude. Many previous studies have concentrated on the interactions of radiocesium and radiostrontium with various environmental components, but there are currently no operative models fortheirtransport over large spatial areas. We collected time-series measurements of 90Sr and 137Cs in 25 major European and Asian rivers and (using digital data sets with global coverage) determined characteristics of each of the rivers' catchments. This work has established, for the first time, a quantitative link between riverine transport of these radioisotopes and catchment and soil characteristics at a global scale. A generalized predictive model accounting for time changes in river concentrations and variation in catchment characteristics is developed. This can be used to predict the long-term riverine transport of these radiologically important radionuclides following any large-scale nuclear incident in North America, Europe, or (European and Asian) Russia. 相似文献
19.
Aerosol lidar intercomparison in the framework of the EARLINET project. 1. Instruments 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Matthais V Freudenthaler V Amodeo A Balin I Balis D Bösenberg J Chaikovsky A Chourdakis G Comeron A Delaval A De Tomasi F Eixmann R Hågård A Komguem L Kreipl S Matthey R Rizi V Rodrigues JA Wandinger U Wang X 《Applied optics》2004,43(4):961-976
In the framework of the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network to Establish an Aerosol Climatology (EARLINET), 19 aerosol lidar systems from 11 European countries were compared. Aerosol extinction or backscatter coefficient profiles were measured by at least two systems for each comparison. Aerosol extinction coefficients were derived from Raman lidar measurements in the UV (351 or 355 nm), and aerosol backscatter profiles were calculated from pure elastic backscatter measurements at 351 or 355, 532, or 1064 nm. The results were compared for height ranges with high and low aerosol content. Some systems were additionally compared with sunphotometers and starphotometers. Predefined maximum deviations were used for quality control of the results. Lidar systems with results outside those limits could not meet the quality assurance criterion. The algorithms for deriving aerosol backscatter profiles from elastic lidar measurements were tested separately, and the results are described in Part 2 of this series of papers [Appl. Opt. 43, 977-989 (2004)]. In the end, all systems were quality assured, although some had to be modified to improve their performance. Typical deviations between aerosol backscatter profiles were 10% in the planetary boundary layer and 0.1 x 10(-6) m(-1) sr(-1) in the free troposphere. 相似文献
20.
Mark M. Goldin Mogely Sh. Khubutiya Vladimir A. Kolesnikov Michail M. Abakumov Anatoly K. Evseev Alexander George Volkov 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》2009,39(2):185-189
Anodic oxidation of dilute solutions of sodium sulfate was developed to generate oxidants into aqueous solutions with a diaphragm
electrolyzer, which consisted of titanium anodes covered with mixed oxides of iridium, ruthenium and tin, a titanium cathode,
and Teflon cation-exchange membrane. An electronic device was created for continuous self-purification of cathode surface
from hardness salt deposits. The anodic products of electrolysis were molecular oxygen and sodium persulfate. It should be
noted that sodium persulfate was the only active oxidant. The synthesized anolyte was tested for its oxidizing activity towards
certain metabolites and toxicants. Disinfecting properties of anolyte were detected towards gram-positive and gram-negative
bacteria. The comparison of redox potentials of commercial samples of persulfate and the synthesized anolyte showed that the
redox potential value for the anolyte is much higher than for solutions with the same concentration of commercial persulfate. 相似文献