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21.
Begg Ian; Snider Andrea; Foley Finola; Goddard Robert 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1989,15(5):977
The generation effect occurs if people remember items they complete from fragments better than complete items they read. Four experiments investigate two questions. When does the effect occur, and why does it do so? Targets generated in related contexts are recognized better than read targets, and they are recalled better with the contexts as cues; the contexts are recognized equally well, and the relation between the context and target is not enhanced by generation. Furthermore, generated items exceed items read in pure lists even when read ones from the mixed list are no worse than the controls. The generation effect is real; it is not an artifact. However, there is nothing special about generation. Generating is a type of encoding, and like any other type of encoding, its effects are maximal on tests that require subjects to do again whatever they did at study. Generating makes targets distinctive by contrasting them with other relatives of the context, and, as a result, the targets enjoy benefits in later discriminations within their family. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
22.
Neben der Gestaltung technischer Systeme zur Unterstützung des Wissensmanagements ist die Ausgestaltung organisatorischer
Ma?nahmen gleichbedeutend wichtig. 相似文献
23.
Service-centric software system is a multidisciplinary paradigm concerned with software systems that are constructed as compositions of autonomous services. These systems extend the service-oriented architecture paradigm by focusing on the design, development, and maintenance of software built under SOAs. In this special issue, we present five articles that tackle service-centric software systems. 相似文献
24.
Paolo Feraboli Attilio Masini Luigi Taraborrelli Andrea Pivetti 《Composite Structures》2007,78(4):495-506
When modern saloon cars are re-engineered as convertibles (or roadsters) it is typical for them to lose 50% or more of the body’s torsional rigidity. Consequently the vehicles rarely handle quite as crisply, nor do they ride as well as the coupes from which they derived. This paper highlights the fundamental contributions of advanced composites in achieving the desired value of handling of the Murcièlago Roadster without penalizing the overall weight of the vehicle. To compensate for the absence of the roof structure, the vehicle was strongly redesigned by introducing new structural members and reinforcing existing critical components. A new all-carbon/epoxy composite sub-frame, which spans the entire engine bay, is comprised of elliptical tubular members, and it is the first of its kind in a production vehicle. Engineering of the sub-frame, from preliminary design to manufacturing decisions, is the focus of this paper, and is achieved through a Building Block approach that sets the program within the Integrated Product Development (IPD) strategy that the Advanced Composites Division of Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. employs for its technology demonstrators. The strategy consists in a concurrent analytical and experimental development of the product, from the initial conceptual design and coupon testing, through the stages of element and subcomponent engineering, to final component manufacturing. 相似文献
25.
Peter Eaton Andrea Ragusa Caroline Clavel Cristina T Rojas Paul Graham Raúl V Durán Soledad Penadés 《IEEE transactions on nanobioscience》2007,6(4):309-318
Glyconanoparticles which present carbohydrate and amino groups motifs at their surface were produced. These particles were highly stable and soluble in aqueous solutions. The presence of the carbohydrate groups also allowed the inclusion of more strongly binding groups, without affecting solubility. The binding of a model DNA, plasmid by these nanoparticles was studied by atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and gel electrophoresis. Significant differences between the nanoparticles based on their affinities for the DNA were found, with implications for their potential use as nonviral gene delivery agents. 相似文献
26.
Madden Gregory J.; Begotka Andrea M.; Raiff Bethany R.; Kastern Lana L. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2003,11(2):139
The degree to which real and hypothetical rewards were discounted across delays ranging from 6 hr to 1 year was explored in a within-subjects design. An adjusting-amounts procedure was used to estimate the subjective value of real and hypothetical rewards at each delay. A hyperbolic discounting function provided a significantly better fit to individual participants' preferences than did an exponential function. No significant effect of reward type on degree of hyperbolic discounting or area under the discounting curves was detected. These findings offer some support for the validity of using hypothetical rewards to estimate discounting rates in substance-abusing and other populations, but caution is suggested because this support is gleaned from a failure to detect an effect of reward type. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
27.
28.
Caterina Dinnella Gaetano Lanzarini Andrea Stagni Claudio Palleschi 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》1994,59(3):237-241
Endopectinlyase (EC 4.2.2.10) from Aspergillus japonicus was immobilized on to γ-alumina. Adsorption performed at pH 5·0 and a subsequent cross-linking phase using 0·1% glutaraldehyde were the chosen immobilization conditions. The comparison between the main biochemical parameters of the immobilized and free form of the enzyme showed that the immobilization procedure used did not affect the enzyme biochemical properties. The interactions between the carrier and the enzyme are essentially secondary bonding. In fact they depend on the pH and on the presence of phosphate ions in the medium. A tentative chemical model of the biocatalytic matrix thus obtained is proposed. 相似文献
29.
Study on the Role of Vitamin E as Nitrite Scavenger and N-Nitrosamine Inhibitor N-nitrosamine are known for their powerful carcinogenicity. They may be formed under acidic conditions by interaction of nitrosable amino substrates and nitrosating agents such as nitrite, nitrate and nitroso gases. Several of recent investigations demonstrate that certain micronutrients such as vitamin A, C, and E and trace elements selenium and zinc play an important role in cancer prevention. Because of their strong antioxidative, nitrite scavenging and free radical quenching properties, vitamin C and E are capable of inhibiting the peroxidation and nitrosation reaction. This paper summarizes the research work done up to date in the field of inhibition of N-nitrosamine formation by vitamin E. It also includes the latest results of our in vitro study on the inhibitory influence of vitamin E and a mixture of tocopherols as well as the cumulative effect of vitamin C and E on the formation of N-nitroso-N-methylaniline (NMNA). α-tocopherol and the mixture of tocopherols are capable of reducing nitrite concentration in hydrophilic reaction medium and thus inhibits the formation of N-nitrosamine. Both vitamins together have a stronger nitrite scavenger effect than either of them alone. The results of research work done up to date strongly suggest that both vitamins may play an important role in reducing the health hazard of some carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds. 相似文献
30.
Andrea Omicini Alessandro Ricci Mirko Viroli 《Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science》2006,150(3):21-36
Human intelligence has evolved along with the use of more and more sophisticated tools, allowing Homo Faber (from Homo Habilis to Homo Sapiens Sapiens) to cope with environment changes, as well as to adapt the environment to his needs. Analogously, in this seminal paper we introduce the notion of Agens Faber, conveying the idea that agent intelligence should not be considered as separated by the agent ability to perceive and affect the environment—and so, that agent intelligence is strictly related to the artefacts that enable, mediate and govern any agent (intelligent) activity.
Along this line, we first discuss the notion of artefact for MAS in general, then we try to devise out the admissible / required / desirable features of an artefact for MAS. We elaborate on the many sorts of possible relations between agents and artefacts, focusing in particular on the issue of the rational exploitation of artefacts, and also rough out a possible taxonomy of artefacts for MAS. 相似文献