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81.
Kvin Nay William J. Smiles Jacqueline Kaiser Luke M. McAloon Kim Loh Sandra Galic Jonathan S. Oakhill Andrew L. Gundlach John W. Scott 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(8)
As life expectancy has increased, particularly in developed countries, due to medical advances and increased prosperity, age-related neurological diseases and mental health disorders have become more prevalent health issues, reducing the well-being and quality of life of sufferers and their families. In recent decades, due to reduced work-related levels of physical activity, and key research insights, prescribing adequate exercise has become an innovative strategy to prevent or delay the onset of these pathologies and has been demonstrated to have therapeutic benefits when used as a sole or combination treatment. Recent evidence suggests that the beneficial effects of exercise on the brain are related to several underlying mechanisms related to muscle–brain, liver–brain and gut–brain crosstalk. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the most relevant current knowledge of the impact of exercise on mood disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, and to highlight the established and potential underlying mechanisms involved in exercise–brain communication and their benefits for physiology and brain function. 相似文献
82.
Liza-Anastasia DiCecco Andrew D'Elia Chelsea Miller Prof. Dr. Kyla N. Sask Prof. Dr. Leyla Soleymani Prof. Dr. Kathryn Grandfield 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2021,22(15):2488-2506
For biological imaging using electron microscopy (EM), the use of room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) has been proposed as an alternative to traditional lengthy preparation methods. With their low vapor pressures and conductivity, RTILs can be applied onto hard-to-image soft and/or wet samples without dehydration – allowing for a more representative, hydrated state of material and opening the possibility for visualization of in situ physiological processes using conventional EM systems. However, RTILs have yet to be utilized to their full potential by microscopists and microbiologists alike. To this end, this review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of biological applications of RTILs for EM to bridge the RTIL, in situ microscopy, and biological communities. We outline future research avenues for the use of RTILs for the EM observation of biological samples, notably i) RTIL selection and optimization, ii) applications for live cell processes and iii) electron beam and ionic liquid interaction studies. 相似文献
83.
Gabriel LaPlante Andrew E. Marble Bryce MacMillan Pearl Lee-Sullivan Bruce G. Colpitts Bruce J. Balcom 《NDT & E International》2005,38(6):501-507
Water ingress inside honeycomb sandwich panels during service has been linked to in-flight failure in some aircraft. There is an ongoing effort to develop nondestructive testing methods to detect the presence of water within the panels. Magnetic resonance (MR) represents an attractive approach in that it is sensitive to moisture. Using a unilateral MR sensor, testing can be applied directly to the surface of the panel. The viability of MR is demonstrated through laboratory imaging of both water within sandwich panels, as well as the adhesive itself. The detection of water using a one-sided handheld MR sensor is presented. It is shown that simple detection, as well as spatial localization of water within sandwich panels is possible. 相似文献
84.
The adaptive Generalized Predictive Controller (Clarke et al., 1987a, b) is capable of controlling plants with variable dead-time, unknown model orders and unstable poles and zeros. This paper shows how the GPC control law can be written in an equivalent general linear transfer function form which simplifies closed-loop (eg. root locus) analysis. Three recommended strategies for selecting the design parameters during the commissioning stage allow the user to adjust the closed-loop speed of response on-line using only a single active tuning parameter. Experimental runs confirm the ability of adaptive GPC to provide a consistent closed-loop response in spite of large process changes. 相似文献
85.
Christer Löfstedt Bill S. Hansson Erik Petersson Peter Valeur Andrew Richards 《Journal of chemical ecology》1994,20(1):153-170
Extracts of different body parts of adult Trichoptera were tested for electrophysiological activity. Extracts of the IVth and Vth abdominal sternites of femaleHydropsyche angustipennis, Rhyacophila nubila, andR. fasciata, containing a paired exocrine gland, elicited significant electroan-tennographic responses when tested on conspecific male antennae. The paired gland occurs also in males of all the species, and inH. angustipennis, extracts from males were more active than female extracts when tested on male antennae. Female and male extracts from all species were analyzed by gas chromatography with simultaneous flame ionization and electroantennographic detection (EAD). EAD-active peaks in female extracts, stimulating male antennae, were identified inH. angustipennis as nonan-2-one; and inR. nubila andR. fasciata as heptan-2-one, heptan-2-ol, nonan-2-one, and nonan-2-ol. EAD-active components from maleH. angustipennis stimulating male antennae were octan-2-one, nonan-2-one (major peak), (Z)-6-nonen-2-one, decan-2-one, and a methylbranched decan-2-one. Female extracts and synthetic mixtures of compounds identified from femaleH. angustipennis andR. fasciata were tested for attractivity in the field. High catches with control traps obscured the results, but a synthetic mixture of the four identified compounds was significantly attractive and not different from female extracts for attracting maleR. fasciata. InH. angustipennis, a synthetic six-component male blend, in which nonan-2-one was the major component, attracted significant numbers of male and femaleH. angustipennis. Extracts of maleR. nubila andR. fasciata contained acetophenone and hexanoic and octanoic acids but did not have any electrophysiological or behavioral activity on either male or female antennae of conspecifics. The occurrence of a female sex pheromone inRhyacophila and an aggregation pheromone inHydropsyche corresponds to earlier described differences in mating behaviors in the Rhyacophilidae and Hydropsychidae. 相似文献
86.
James?A.?KenarEmail author Gerhard?Knothe Robert?O.?Dunn Thomas?W.?RyanIII Andrew?Matheaus 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2005,82(3):201-205
Carbonates are a class of compounds that have recently found increasing interest in commercial applications owing to their
physical properties and relatively straightforward synthesis. In this work, physical and fuel properties of five straight-chain
C17–39 and three branched C17–33 oleochemical carbonates were investigated. These properties included cetane number (CN), low-temperature properties, (kinematic)
viscosity, lubricity, and surface tension. The carbonates studied had CN ranging from 47 to 107 depending on carbon chain
length and branching. For the same number of carbons, the CN of carbonates were lower than those of FA alkyl esters owing
to interruption of the CH2 chain by the carbonate moiety. Kinematic viscosities at 40°C ranged from 4.9 to 22.6 mm2/s whereas m.p. ranged from +3 to below −50°C depending on the carbonate structure. High-frequency reciprocating rig testing
showed the neat carbonates to have acceptable lubricity that improved as chain length increased. Finally, the carbonate's
ability to influence cold-flow properties in biodiesel (methyl soyate) and lubricity in low-lubricity ultra-low sulfur diesel
were examined. The carbonates studied did not significantly affect cold flow or lubricity properties at concentrations up
to 10,000 ppm (1 wt%). The properties of the carbonates resemble those of fatty alkyl esters with similar trends resulting
from compound structure. 相似文献
87.
Fanqin Meng Steven F. Dec Don Williamson Phat Pham Michael A. Yandrasits Andrew M. Herring 《Electrochimica acta》2007,53(3):1372-1378
A perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) polymer with pendant side chain -O(CF2)4SO3H was doped with the heteropoly acids (HPAs), H3PW12O40 and H4SiW12O40. Infrared spectroscopy revealed a strong interaction between the HPA and the PFSA ionomer. Modes associated with the peripheral bonds of the HPA were shifted to lower wave numbers when doped into PFSA membranes. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements showed the presence of large crystallites of HPA in the membrane with d spacings of ca. 10 Å, close to the lattice spacing observed in bulk HPA crystals. Under wet conditions the HPA was more dispersed and constrained the size of the sulfonic acid clusters to 20 Å at a 5 wt% HPA doping level, the same as in the vacuum treated ionomer samples. Under conditions of minimum hydration the HPA decreased the Ea for the self-diffusion of water from 27 to 15 kJ mol−1. The reverse trend was seen under 100% RH conditions. Proton conductivity measurements showed improved proton conductivity of the HPA doped PFSAs at a constant dew point of 80 °C for all temperatures up to 120 °C and at all relative hummidities up to 80%. The activation energy for proton conduction generally was lower than for the undoped materials at RH ≤80%. Significantly the Ea was 1/2 that of the undoped material at RHs of 40 and 60%. A practical proton conductivity of 113 mS cm−1 was observed at 100 °C and 80% RH. 相似文献
88.
Andrew J. Morris Rebecca J. Nicholls Chris J. Pickard Jonathan R. Yates 《Computer Physics Communications》2014
We present OptaDOS, a program for calculating core-electron and low-loss electron energy loss spectra (EELS) and optical spectra along with total-, projected- and joint-density of electronic states (DOS) from single-particle eigenenergies and dipole transition coefficients. Energy-loss spectroscopy is an important tool for probing bonding within a material. Interpreting these spectra can be aided by first principles calculations. The spectra are generated from the eigenenergies through integration over the Brillouin zone. An important feature of this code is that this integration is performed using a choice of adaptive or linear extrapolation broadening methods which we show produces higher accuracy spectra than standard fixed-width Gaussian broadening. OptaDOS may be straightforwardly interfaced to any electronic structure code. OptaDOS is freely available under the GNU General Public licence from http://www.optados.org. 相似文献
89.
Thiophene hydrodesulfurization (HDS) has been investigated over model single crystal catalysts of molybdenum and rhenium. Thiophene HDS is a structure sensitive reaction over rhenium and a structure insensitive reaction over molybdenum. Adsorbed sulfur decreases the activity of both Re(0001) and Mo(100) surfaces while adsorbed carbon has distinctly different effects on the catalytic properties of the two metals. Carbon overlayers deactivate the Re(0001) surface but have no effect on the HDS activity of the Mo(100) surface. Radiotracer35S and14C studies indicate that HDS occurs on an adsorbate overlayer on molybdenum comprised primarily of carbon. HDS over rhenium, on the other hand, occurs on the bare metal surface. This appears to be responsible for the observed differences in the influence of surface structure on HDS activity. 相似文献
90.