过敏性皮肤贴身穿轻薄毛织物的主要医用规格

最新研究表明贴身穿细美利奴羊毛的衣服对敏感型皮肤的皮疹有一定的治疗作用。为了确保这类过敏性皮肤穿着的舒适性,文章利用澳大利亚羊业合作研究中心的穿着试验数据和成衣,借助新近研发的羊毛舒适仪,对过敏性皮肤贴身穿轻薄毛织物的医用规格进行了研究。通过相关性分析发现:纯羊毛织物的刺痒性能很大程度上决定了穿着者的皮肤舒适度。进而通过使用多元变量主成分分析,辨别出人们对羊毛织物刺痒性能在不同的穿着环境和不同的活动强度下的感应模式,从而对织物的刺痒性能进行分类。最后通过对试穿服装的纤维细度和舒适度指数进行测试分析,确定了该类贴身穿毛织物的主要医用规格。包括舒适度指数不高于200,纤维的平均直径不大于17.5μm,直径大于25μm的纤维含量不高于2.0%。     

A quantitative risk assessment of a domestic property connected to a hydrogen distribution network

The increased reliance on natural gas for heating worldwide makes the search for carbon-free alternatives imperative, especially if international decarbonisation targets are to be met. Hydrogen does not release carbon dioxide (CO₂) at the point of use which makes it an appealing candidate to decarbonise domestic heating. Hydrogen can be produced from either 1) the electrolysis of water with no associated carbon emissions, or 2) from methane reformation (using steam) which produces CO₂, but which is easily captured and storable during production. Hydrogen could be transported to the end-user via gas distribution networks similar to, and adapted from, those in use today. This would reduce both installation costs and end-user disruption. However, before hydrogen can provide domestic heat, it is necessary to assess the ‘risk’ associated with its distribution in direct comparison to natural gas. Here we develop a comprehensive and multi-faceted quantitative risk assessment tool to assess the difference in ‘risk’ between current natural gas distribution networks, and the potential conversion to a hydrogen based system. The approach uses novel experimental and modelling work, scientific literature, and findings from historic large scale testing programmes. As a case study, the risk assessment tool is applied to the newly proposed H100 demonstration (100% hydrogen network) project. The assessment includes the comparative risk of gas releases both upstream and downstream of the domestic gas meter. This research finds that the risk associated with the proposed H100 network (based on its current design) is lower than that of the existing natural gas network by a factor 0.88.     

Baseline layout and design of a 0.8 GW reference wind farm in the North Sea

The paper presents a model of a reference wind farm. The model considers the wind and wave climatologies for a specific site from which two different wind farm layouts are derived. These layouts are examined through the effective wake‐enhanced turbulence intensity at the hub height for a given climatology, and a simple model for the influence on capital expenditures is proposed. An electrical design is presented, the cable losses are calculated and the energy yield is determined. An operation and maintenance model is established, and the associated operating expenditure is obtained. All of the models are then summarized in terms of a levelized cost of energy using a numerical simulation tool, which allows the layouts to be compared. The data and models are freely available online for others to use and may serve as a baseline for benchmarking and allow researchers to compare and discuss their results. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

MultiRocket: multiple pooling operators and transformations for fast and effective time series classification

Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery - We propose MultiRocket, a fast time series classification (TSC) algorithm that achieves state-of-the-art accuracy with a tiny fraction of the time and without...     

Optimized conditions for imaging the effects of bonding charge density in electron microscopy

We report on the observability of valence bonding effects in aberration-corrected high resolution electron microscopy (HREM) images along the [0 1 0] projection of the mineral Forsterite (Mg₂SiO₄). We have also performed exit wave restorations using simulated noisy images and have determined that both the intensities of individual images and the modulus of the restored complex exit wave are most sensitive to bonding effects at a level of 25% for moderately thick samples of 20-25 nm. This relatively large thickness is due to dynamical amplification of bonding contrast arising from partial de-channeling of 1s states. Simulations also suggest that bonding contrast is similarly high for an un-corrected conventional electron microscope, implying an experimental limitation of signal to noise ratio rather than spatial resolution.     

Integrated sampling and analytical approach for common groundwater dissolved gases

A novel passive gas diffusion sampler (PGDS) combines sampling, storage and direct injection into a single gas chromatograph (GC). The sampler has a 4.5 mL internal volume when deployed, is easy to operate, and eliminates sample-partitioning. The associated GC method analyzes for a large, dynamic sampling range from a single, small volume injection. Dissolved gases were separated on parallel Rt-Molsieve 5A and Rt-Q-PLOT columns and eluted solutes were quantified using a pulse discharge helium ionization detector (PD-HID). The combined sampling and analytical method appears to be less prone to systematic bias than conventional sampling and headspace partitioning and analysis. Total dissolved gas pressure used in tandem with the PGDS improved the accuracy of dissolved gas concentrations. The incorporation of routine measurements of dissolved biogeochemical and permanent gases into groundwater investigations will provide increased insight into chemical and biological processes in groundwater and improve chemical mass balance accuracy.     

Subirrigation Systems to Minimize Nitrate Leaching

Nitrate leaching from corn production systems and the subsequent contamination of ground and surface waters is a major environmental problem. In field plots 75 m long by 15 m wide, the writers tested the hypothesis that subirrigation and intercropping will reduce leaching losses from cultivated corn and minimize water pollution. Nitrate leaching under subirrigation at a depth of either 0.7 m or 0.8 m below the soil surface was compared with leaching under free drainage. The cropping systems investigated were corn (Zea mays L.) monoculture and corn intercropped with annual Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. cv. Barmultra). The effects of three fertilizer application rates (0, 180, and 270 kg N ha?1) on leaching were investigated in the freely drained plots. The greatest annual loss of NO3?-N in tile drainage water (21.9 kg N ha?1) occurred in freely draining, monocropped plots fertilized with 270 kg N ha?1. Monocropped plots fertilized with 270 kg N ha?1, with subirrigation at 0.7 m depth, resulted in annual nitrate losses into tile drainage of 6.6 kg N ha?1, 70% less than under free drainage. Annual soil denitrification rates (60 kg N ha?1) with subirrigation at 0.7 m were about three-fold greater than under free drainage. Intercropping under free drainage resulted in a 50% reduction in tile drainage loss of NO3?-N compared with monocropping. Off-season (November 1, 1993, to May 31, 1994) tile drainage losses of NO3?-N (7.8 kg N ha?1) from freely draining monocropped plots accounted for 30% of the annual tile drainage losses.     

Creep of CaO/SiO2-containing MgO refractories

Compressive creep of five commercially-available brands of CaO/SiO2-containing MgO refractories was measured over a temperature range of 1400-1550°C and compressive stresses of 0.10–0.30 MPa. All brands had a MgO content greater than 96 wt%, a CaO/SiO2 wt% ratio equal to or greater than 1.9, and a firing temperature greater than 1535°C. The more creep resistant brands were observed to have a combination of: (1) a larger average grain size and wider grain size distribution, (2) a low iron content, and (3) an absence of CaO-MgO-SiO2 compounds. Creep-stress exponents for three of the five brands indicated their creep was rate-controlled by diffusion, and their activation energy values indicated that creep was accommodated by grain boundary sliding through viscous flow of the calcium silicate grain-boundary phase. Two brands exhibited dramatic time-hardening behavior which resulted in their creep not being well-represented by the power-law creep formulation. The observed attributes among the brands were combined and a hypothetical CaO/SiO2-containing MgO refractory is proposed.     

Control of cell growth. II. Requirement of thyroid hormones for the in vivo estrogen-dependent growth of rat pituitary tumor cells

A subclone of rat pituitary tumor cells, designated GH3/C14, was isolated from the parent population of GH3 pituitary cells and was estrogen-dependent for growth in vivo. GH3/C14 cells inoculated into host animals formed tumors in intact females, estrogen-treated ovariectomized females, and estrogen-treated males, but not in untreated intact or castrated males, or untreated ovariectomized females. Exogenous treatment with estrogens supported tumor formation in male animals. Radioimmunoassay of the average serum estradiol concentrations that support tumor growth in intact females, estradiol-treated intact females, and estradiol-treated intact males gave values of 41 +/- 4, 1,130 +/- 150, and 730 +/- 140 pg/ml, respectively. Tumor formation by GH3/C14 cells inoculated into male animals was not supported by either exogenous progesterone or hydrocortisone acetate. Further, these two steroid hormones had no significant effect on the estrogen-promoted growth in males or females. Exogenous testosterone treatment promoted tumor formation in males and ovariectomized females, but dihydrotestosterone was completely ineffective. Radioimmunoassay of the serum from tumor-bearing animals and the medium from the cells in culture showed that the cells produced growth hormone in vivo and in vitro but did not produce measurable amounts of luteinizing hormone or follicle-stimulating hormone. The groth of GH3/C14 cells in culture was examined in medium without added estrogen, and with estradiol added to the level of either the normal intact female rat or the estradiol-treated animals. No direct growth stimulation by estrogens could be detected in culture; the data suggested an indirect growth control mechanism.