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91.
Kyoung Bin Lee Jin Soo Park Myung Do Oh Sung Joon Bae Shin Do Kim 《Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology》2014,28(7):2677-2686
This study measured and estimated the subway vent shaft air flow rate induced by moving trains in the tunnel. This work estimated the flow rate via the tunnel structure and train movement to determine the quantitative effect of vent shafts as air purification systems of natural ventilation to improve the air quality management of a subway. The amount of air suctioned into the tunnel is significantly larger than that vented from the tunnel. Thus, placing vent shafts near subway stations is desirable for natural ventilation systems. Experimental approaches to measure train-induced flow rates have not yet been published. Results of this study provide useful fundamental data to study the natural ventilation in a subway. Therefore, this study suggested the significant design factors required to control indoor air quality in a subway. 相似文献
92.
Gaseous Nanocarving‐Mediated Carbon Framework with Spontaneous Metal Assembly for Structure‐Tunable Metal/Carbon Nanofibers
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Dae‐Hyun Nam Sungwoo Lee Young‐Joo Lee Jun‐Hyun Jo Euijoon Yoon Kyung‐Woo Yi Gun‐Do Lee Young‐Chang Joo 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2017,29(38)
Vapor phase carbon (C)‐reduction‐based syntheses of C nanotubes and graphene, which are highly functional solid C nanomaterials, have received extensive attention in the field of materials science. This study suggests a revolutionary method for precisely controlling the C structures by oxidizing solid C nanomaterials into gaseous products in the opposite manner of the conventional approach. This gaseous nanocarving enables the modulation of inherent metal assembly in metal/C hybrid nanomaterials because of the promoted C oxidation at the metal/C interface, which produces inner pores inside C nanomaterials. This phenomenon is revealed by investigating the aspects of structure formation with selective C oxidation in the metal/C nanofibers, and density functional theory calculation. Interestingly, the tendency of C oxidation and calculated oxygen binding energy at the metal surface plane is coincident with the order Co > Ni > Cu > Pt. The customizable control of the structural factors of metal/C nanomaterials through thermodynamic‐calculation‐derived processing parameters is reported for the first time in this work. This approach can open a new class of gas–solid reaction‐based synthetic routes that dramatically broaden the structure‐design range of metal/C hybrid nanomaterials. It represents an advancement toward overcoming the limitations of intrinsic activities in various applications. 相似文献
93.
Woosung Kwon Gyeongjin Lee Sungan Do Taiha Joo Shi‐Woo Rhee 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2014,10(3):506-513
Size‐controlled soft‐template synthesis of carbon nanodots (CNDs) as novel photoactive materials is reported. The size of the CNDs can be controlled by regulating the amount of an emulsifier. As the size increases, the CNDs exhibit blue‐shifted photoluminescence (PL) or so‐called an inverse PL shift. Using time‐correlated single photon counting, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, and low‐temperature PL measurements, it is revealed that the CNDs are composed of sp2 clusters with certain energy gaps and their oleylamine ligands act as auxochromes to reduce the energy gaps. This insight can provide a plausible explanation on the origin of the inverse PL shift which has been debatable over a past decade. To explore the potential of the CNDs as photoactive materials, several prototypes of CND‐based optoelectronic devices, including multicolored light‐emitting diodes and air‐stable organic solar cells, are demonstrated. This study could shed light on future applications of the CNDs and further expedite the development of other related fields. 相似文献
94.
Seung Hee Ha Jong-Ho Hwang Do Hyung Kim Min-Dae Kim Cheol-Woong Choi Young-Il Jeong Chung Wook Chung Cy Hyun Kim Dae Hwan Kang 《Materials Research Bulletin》2012,47(10):2735-2738
The aim of this study was to prepare sunitinib-loaded biodegradable films using poly(l-lactide-co-?-caprolactone) (PLCL) for anti-tumor drug delivery. Sunitinib-loaded PLCL film has a rough surface, while empty film has a smooth surface. PLCL film loaded with 5% (w/w) sunitinib showed an absence of a crystalline peak of sunitinib, while sharp peaks were observed at 10% (w/w) loading, indicating that sunitinib was molecularly distributed in the polymer matrix at 5% (w/w). A drug release study revealed an initial burst during the first 2 h, followed by continuous release until 24 h. Since weight loss of film was <10% for 1 week, drug release mechanism was dominantly dependent on the diffusion-mediated release of drugs to the medium. Sunitinib has a dose-dependent anti-proliferation effect against HuCC-T1 human cholangiocarcinoma cells in vitro. These results indicate that sunitinib-loaded PLCL film is a appropriate candidate as a vehicle for anti-tumor drug delivery. 相似文献
95.
Chromium alloys present a potential for development of new high-temperature materials. Precipitation characteristics of a Cr–5Ni–5Al–0.5Ti (at.%) alloy were investigated utilizing a series of heat treatments. XRD, SEM, and analytical TEM were used to characterize the microstructure. This study has shown that the small spherical B2-NiAl precipitates forming below 1345 °C are highly coherent and have a well-defined orientation relationship with the Cr-matrix. Also, some evidence has been presented for the formation of L21-Ni2AlTi phase within the B2-NiAl phase. 相似文献
96.
In the nuclear industry, safely managing spent fuels discharged from PWRs (pressurized water reactors) is an ongoing challenge. In this paper, a synergistic coupling of innovative small long‐cycle PWRs and advanced sodium‐cooled fast reactors is considered to reduce the accumulated TRUs (transuranics) by transmuting them with electricity production. In the coupling strategy, the innovative small PWRs employing UO2–ThO2 and fully ceramic micro‐encapsulated fuels are used to deeply burn TRUs from commercial PWRs, while advanced SFRs (sodium‐cooled fast reactors) with actinide recycling are designed to further transmute the TRUs discharged from innovative small PWRs. This work focuses on the core physics analysis of new SFR burner cores using different TRU feeds discharged from small PWRs. Additionally, quasi‐static reactivity balance analyses are performed to understand the safety of the SFR burner cores. The mass flows of TRUs in the nuclear park, which is composed of PWRs, small long‐cycle PWRs, and SFR burners, are analyzed to evaluate TRU inventory reduction. The results of this study show that the advanced SFR burners with all the TRU feed types discharged from the small long‐cycle PWRs have a high TRU consumption rate. They satisfy all of the conditions for self‐controllability under unprotected accidents with a reasonable number of control rods. This coupling strategy requires ~35% less power in conjunction with the advanced SFR burners in the nuclear park and increases the support ratio of SFR burners by ~42% than does the coupling of commercial PWRs and SFR burners. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
97.
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99.
Van Phu Do Phi Luan Nguyen Byung Ryong Lee 《Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology》2014,28(3):1055-1063
This paper describes a new, modified generalized Preisach model for actuators that have severe dead-zone hysteresis, which is mainly observed in rotary SMA actuators. Along with the Preisach model, a new approach of hysteresis modeling and parameter identification using genetic algorithm was proposed. This modeling method achieved significant improvements in both accuracy and computation time. The proposed approach is general; therefore, it can be applied to identify any type of hysteresis. To demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed model, experimental results on hysteresis identification of Rotary SMA Actuator and performance of inverse hysteresis openloop controller are provided and compared. 相似文献
100.
The preparation of thioethers by S-alkylation of various thiols with alkyl halides under solvent-free reaction conditions using potassium fluoride on alumina (KF/Al2O3) as a solid catalyst has been investigated in detail with respect to three different modes of reaction activation (ultrasound irradiation, microwave irradiation, and conventional heating) for obtaining maximum yield of the thioether. The importance of KF/Al2O3 as a particularly efficient catalyst was corroborated for all three modes of reaction activation, although the reaction time was found to be strongly dependent on the mode of activation. The yield of the thioethers was also found to depend on the amount of the solid catalyst relative to the equimolar amounts of the two reactants. 相似文献