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101.
A dislocation model for simulating two-dimensional quasi-static crack propagation is presented. The crack and plastic flow
along slip planes are described using dislocation dipoles. A stationary crack can be modeled as well as a propagating crack
along a straight line inclined at an arbitrary angle to a free surface of a semi-infinite medium. Cracks are also allowed
to kink. A superdipole algorithm is introduced to save simulation time without loosing important information and necessary
geometric details. It reduces the number of dislocation dipoles on slip planes in the plastic wake. The paper gives results
on crack shapes for stationary and advancing cracks as well as it describes how the size of the plastic zone depends on crack
inclination angles. Results on stress intensity factors (SIF) are given using two different approaches as well as kinking
cracks are introduced and SIF at kinked crack tips are calculated. 相似文献
102.
Ridong Zhang Ping Li Anke Xue Aipeng Jiang Shuqing Wang 《Journal of Process Control》2010,20(4):464-471
This paper describes the application of a linear iterative design of nonlinear predictive functional control for chamber pressure of industrial coke furnace. The control target is to maintain the chamber pressure of a coke furnace within a set range while rejecting the effect of disturbances (mainly the coke removing process and the switch of coke towers).The proposed control is easy to implement, as it selects a simple structure and a linear iterative approach instead of nonlinear control schemes to improve control performance in such a way that results compared with traditional PID controllers are improved. Application of industrial plant demonstrates the efficiency of the method. 相似文献
103.
104.
Schaefer A 《Environmental science & technology》2006,40(23):7111-7112
105.
Reductive transformation reactions involving mineral-bound Fe2+ species are of great relevance for the fate of groundwater contaminants. For clay minerals, which are ubiquitously present in soils and sediments, the factors determining the reactivity of structural Fe2+ and surface-bound Fe2+ are not well understood. We investigated the reactivity and availability of Fe2+ species in suspensions of chemically reduced montmorillonite (SAz-1) as well as in suspensions of oxidized and reduced nontronite (SWa-1, ferruginous smectite) using two acetylnitrobenzene isomers as reactive probe compounds. The analyses of the reduction kinetics of the two nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) suggested that Fe2+ bound in the octahedral layer of reduced smectites is the predominant reductant and that electron transfer presumably occurs via basal siloxane planes. In contrast, reduction of NACs by Fe2+ associated with oxidized nontronite is orders of magnitude slower than reduction by octahedral Fe2+. Reductive transformation and reversible, nonreactive electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexation of NACs at basal smectite surfaces occur simultaneously at reduced montmorillonite exhibiting low structural iron content. In contrast, EDA complexation was not observed in suspensions of reduced iron-rich nontronite. Due to the similar reduction rate constants measured for the two NACs, we propose that the (re)- generation of octahedral Fe2+ sites, e.g., by electron transfer and/or Fe rearrangement within the octahedral nontronite layers, partly limited the rate of contaminant transformation. Since iron in clay minerals is available for microbial reduction, our study suggests that octahedral Fe2+ can contribute to abiotic contaminant transformation in anoxic environments. 相似文献
106.
The tetrakis(arylethynyl)silanes 1–4 of which 2–4 are new compounds have been synthesized and determined by single crystal structure analysis to show their tetrahedral molecular
geometries reflected in slightly disturbed S4 symmetry in the crystal lattices. The lattice structures are mainly determined by close packing effects while the interactions
of π-stacking type or C–H···π contacts are rather secondary. A similar behaviour is found for the crystal structure of the
comparative compound 5 with reference to 4 which lacks the ethynylene units. It is demonstrated that the given molecular constructions are distinguished by a high degree
of tetrahedral persistency governing the packing structures. 相似文献
107.
Ridong Zhang Anke Xue Shuqing Wang Jianming Zhang Furong Gao 《Journal of Process Control》2012,22(5):837-851
This paper presents a partially decoupled design of the state space predictive functional control for MIMO processes. The multivariable process is first treated into MISO process by a simple Cramer's rule solution to linear equations which provides a balance between model complexity and control system design, and then the derived MISO process based extended state space predictive functional control is presented. The overall design of the controller enables the controller to consider both the process state dynamics and the output dynamics, thus improved control performance for tracking set-points and disturbance rejection is resulted. The proposed controller is tested on both model match and model mismatch cases to demonstrate its superiority. In addition, a closed-form of transfer function representation that facilitates frequency analysis of the control system is provided to give further insight into the proposed method. 相似文献
108.
Anke Krueger 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2008,20(12):2445-2449
Nanodiamond materials have become broadly available. Their synthesis is usually carried out by explosion or shock wave methods. They exhibit a unique surface structure and can be functionalized in various ways. This opens a broad range of applications in composites, biological systems, electronics, and surface technology. 相似文献
109.
Business intelligence and information logistics have become a part of teaching curricula in recent years due to their importance for companies and the request for adequately trained graduates. Since these fields are characterized by a high amount of software and methodology innovations, teaching materials and teaching aids require constant attention. Teradata, a division of NCR Corp., has teamed up with lecturers and researchers to build and run a portal to support teaching business intelligence and information logistics. This article describes how faculty can use the Teradata University Network to prepare and run courses by reusing teaching materials and running state-of-the-art, commercial software provided in an ASP model. 相似文献
110.
Viktor Merz Julian Lenhart Yvonne Vonhausen Maria E. Ortiz‐Soto Jürgen Seibel Anke Krueger 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,15(48)
Nanodiamond (ND) is a versatile and promising material for bioapplications. Despite many efforts, agglomeration of nanodiamond and the nonspecific adsorption of proteins on the ND surface when exposed to biofluids remains a major obstacle for biomedical applications. Here, the functionalization of detonation nanodiamond with zwitterionic moieties in combination with tetraethylene glycol (TEG) moieties immobilized by click chemistry to improve the colloidal dispersion in physiological media with strong ion background and for the simultaneous prevention of nonspecific interactions with proteins is reported. Based on five building blocks, a series of ND conjugates is synthesized and their performance is compared in biofluids, such as fetal bovine serum (FBS) and Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM). The adsorption of proteins is investigated via dynamic light scattering (DLS) and thermogravimetric analysis. The colloidal stability is tested with DLS monitoring over prolonged periods of time in various ratios of water/FBS/DMEM and at different pH values. The results show that zwitterions efficiently promote the anti‐fouling properties, whereas the TEG linker is essential for the enhanced colloidal stability of the particles. 相似文献