Purification of Nano‐Porous Silicon for Biomedical Applications

Recently, various bio‐medical applications of nanoporous silicon (np‐Si) have been suggested. This work investigates the biocompatibility of np‐Si particles taking into account hazardous residua confined in the pores after preparation. The emphasis is on the potential application of such particles as oxygen photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy of cancer, which requires both negligible toxicity of np‐Si particles in darkness and a high photo‐cyto‐toxic effect due to generation of singlet oxygen under illumination. Considerable amounts of water soluble toxic impurities are found to be present in the nanoporous shell of micrometer‐sized np‐Si particles immediately after their preparation by chemical etching of bulk silicon powder. The effects of several ordinary cleaning treatments are investigated by using thermal effusion mass‐spectroscopy and FTIR spectroscopy. A particular purification procedure is developed, capable to reduce the concentration of residual impurities to levels acceptable for bio‐medical applications while preserving the required photo‐activity of the np‐Si particles.     

Non-Canonical Cannabinoid Receptors with Distinct Binding and Signaling Properties in Prostate and Other Cancer Cell Types Mediate Cell Death

Cannabinoids exert anti-cancer actions; however, the underlying cytotoxic mechanisms and the cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) involved remain unclear. In this study, CBRs were characterized in several cancer cell lines. Radioligand binding screens surprisingly revealed specific binding only for the non-selective cannabinoid [³H]WIN-55,212-2, and not [³H]CP-55,940, indicating that the expressed CBRs exhibit atypical binding properties. Furthermore, [³H]WIN-55,212-2 bound to a single site in all cancer cells with high affinity and varying densities. CBR characteristics were next compared between human prostate cancer cell lines expressing low (PC-3) and high (DU-145) CBR density. Although mRNA for canonical CBRs was detected in both cell lines, only 5 out of 15 compounds with known high affinity for canonical CBRs displaced [³H]WIN-55,212-2 binding. Functional assays further established that CBRs in prostate cancer cells exhibit distinct signaling properties relative to canonical G_i/G_o-coupled CBRs. Prostate cancer cells chronically exposed to both CBR agonists and antagonists/inverse agonists produced receptor downregulation, inconsistent with actions at canonical CBRs. Treatment of DU-145 cells with CBR ligands increased LDH-release, decreased ATP-dependent cell viability, and produced mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization. In summary, several cancer cell lines express CBRs with binding and signaling profiles dissimilar to canonical CBRs. Drugs selectively targeting these atypical CBRs might exhibit improved anti-cancer properties.     

优化检测制程设计加速改善65nm芯片的良率

描述一种广泛应用于探索制程设计方面的系统性及随机性故障的短流程测试芯片与先进的检测工具平台相结合的综合方法,以对在65nm技术节点上的关键性缺陷进行特征化描述和监控,借此加速基于缺陷的良率学习。通过独特的快速电性测试方案、快速分析软件以及优化的检测效果,可缩短快速制程开发的学习周期。通过将在一个领先的300mm晶片厂得到的CV检测设置知识经验成功运用于制造过程,优化了产品的关键缺陷(DOI)检测。     

实时交互式软组织切割与变形计算模型

为提高虚拟手术模拟的交互性与实时性,提出一种软组织实时切割与变形计算模型.该模型以混合有限元模型为基础,根据手术过程中不同区域的交互特点,利用GPU加速手术区域的切割与变形计算;同时,对非手术区域的软组织因交互而引起的实时变形可通过选择性相乘的方法快速实现.实验结果充分证明,该计算模型可以灵活有效地实现实时软组织的交互切割与变形模拟.     

点到任意多面体距离的快速计算方法

提出了一种快速计算空间点到任意多面体的有符号距离的方法,该方法以空间点为中心,采用动态搜索技术,能够快速准确地获得一个含多面体最近体元素在内的候选面片集,而且在一般情况下该候选集都足够小,从而对计算空间点到复杂多面体的最近距离起到明显的加速作用,与采用层次结构表示的方法相比,此方法避免了频繁计算点到各层次结构的距离,本算法可应用在需大量距离计算的环境,如距离场计算、虚拟环境下的碰撞检测,机器人运动规划及数据控加工过程的干涉检查等。     

Personality and aggressive behavior under provoking and neutral conditions: A meta-analytic review.

The authors conducted a comprehensive review to understand the relation between personality and aggressive behavior, under provoking and nonprovoking conditions. The qualitative review revealed that some personality variables influenced aggressive behavior under both neutral and provocation conditions, whereas others influenced aggressive behavior only under provocation. Studies that assessed personality variables and that directly measured aggressive behavior were included in the quantitative review. Analyses revealed that trait aggressiveness and trait irritability influenced aggressive behavior under both provoking and neutral conditions but that other personality variables (e.g., trait anger, Type A personality, dissipation-rumination) influenced aggressive behavior only under provoking conditions. The authors discuss possible relations between these patterns of aggressive behavior and the personality dimensions of Agreeableness and Neuroticism and consider implications for theories of aggression. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Processes underlying father involvement in dual-earner and single-earner families.

Correlates of father involvement were examined separately in 20 dual-earner and 20 single-earner families that were participating in a larger longitudinal study of the early years of marriage. All families had one child between 1 and 25 months of age. During interviews held 2? years after marriage, parents completed questionnaires from which data on fathers' work hours, sex role attitudes, perceived skill at child care, and perceptions of love for their wives were drawn. During the several weeks following these interviews, mothers and fathers were telephoned on nine occasions and asked to report separately on child care, leisure activities, and marital interactions that had occurred during the 24 hr preceding each call. Fathers in dual-earner families were significantly more involved in child care than single-earner fathers, but the two groups did not differ in leisure involvement with their children. More important, there were different correlates of father involvement in the two groups, patterns suggesting that dual-earner fathers may increase their involvement with their children at the expense of harmonious marital relations. The findings are discussed with regard to the importance of studying family processes in contrasting family ecologies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Multiple role relationships during internship: Consequences and recommendations.

Although the American Psychological Association's (1992) Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct mandates that most types of multiple or dual relationships be avoided, such relationships have been found to be quite prevalent (R. D. Glaser & J. S. Thorpe, 1986; K. S. Pope et al, 1979; Pope et al, 1987). This article examines a variety of dual role relationships that occur specifically during the internship year between interns and staff members or supervisors. A variety of such multiple roles are explored including sexual, social, therapy, and business relationships. In addition, the impact of these relationships on the individuals involved, others in the agency, the agency itself, and the profession is considered. Recommendations regarding these issues are also provided for internship training sites. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

结合有限元和非刚体运动估计的左心室应变分析

提出一种直观地分析左心室在心脏收缩期的应变情况的方法.首先利用心脏核磁共振图像数据对左心室进行三维实体建模,再进行有限元单元划分;然后,使用非刚体运动估计算法--单位法线及高斯曲率混合算法,在左心室收缩期相邻时刻的有限元模型表面上寻找最相似单元结点作为对应单元结点,计算各对应结点间的位移,并用α剪枝平均对位移过大的可疑结点进行处理;最后,利用弹塑性力学中应变与位移间的几何关系求解左心室表面各单元结点的应变,获得位移和应变的彩色云图.实验结果表明,该方法能直观、有效地反映左心室表面在整个心脏收缩期的形变情况和应变分布.