Internet of Things (IOT) Based Generous Transformational Optimization Algorithm (GTOA) for Hybrid Renewable Energy System Synchronization and Status Monitioring

The Internet of Things (IoT) is the all-around trusted technology that associates natural objects to the web for giving straightforwardness and different functionalities and the hybrid power system has characterized as the power grid incorporated with an extensive network. With the change in innovation and developments needs to tackle the energy crises by utilizing hybrid renewable energy resources. The failure of electrical power in remote territories drives associations to investigate elective arrangements, for example, renewable energy power systems. The energy created by hybrid renewable energy sources are dependent on the variation and load demand, such a renewable power system must be equipped for fulfilling the necessities whenever and store the extra power for usage in deficiency situations. An independent renewable energy network to meet the coveted electric load with some sources, little excess power and minimal cost of energy. The essential goal of the design criteria is to limit the entire cost which incorporates initial, operational and support cost. In this work life-cycle cost (LCC), loss of load probability (LOLP) and loss of power supply probability (LPSP) have considered as the genuine factors and a Generous Transformational Optimization Algorithm (GTOA) has projected to pick the greatest possible configuration of a hybrid power framework. Internet of Things (IoT) conveyed in crossover control framework and gave a valuable proposition about assorted advances and norms of a renewable power source, and it additionally gives a review of a few applications and driving variables of a hybrid control framework. Simulation work done with MATLAB software and result helps the efficiency of the proposed technique and confirm that it is 97% efficiency than other ordinary strategies.     

A two-level authentication scheme for clone node detection in smart cities using Internet of things

Clone node attack in IoT sensor devices remains a grave security concern as it paves the way for sinkhole, wormhole, and selective forwarding attacks. In this paper, a two-level authentication scheme named Fingerprint-based Zero-Knowledge Authentication (FZKA) algorithm is proposed to improve the detection rate of clone node among the sensor devices. In the fingerprint generation phase, the base station calculates a distinct fingerprint value for each and every node in the network by gathering neighborhood information, represented in the form of superimposed s-disjunct code matrix. The calculated fingerprint is considered as a secret value and distributed to each cluster nodes for the process of authentication. The FZKA algorithm improves the cloned node detection accuracy with minimal detection time. The simulation results highlight the cloned node detection rate of the proposed scheme by a margin of 92.5% against the existing Exponential Smoothing Algorithm (ETS), Position Verification Method, and Message Verification and Passing algorithms.     

Newcomers’ Barriers. . . Is That All? An Analysis of Mentors’ and Newcomers’ Barriers in OSS Projects

Newcomers’ seamless onboarding is important for open collaboration communities, particularly those that leverage outsiders’ contributions to remain sustainable. Nevertheless, previous work shows that OSS newcomers often face several barriers to contribute, which lead them to lose motivation and even give up on contributing. A well-known way to help newcomers overcome initial contribution barriers is mentoring. This strategy has proven effective in offline and online communities, and to some extent has been employed in OSS projects. Studying mentors’ perspectives on the barriers that newcomers face play a vital role in improving onboarding processes; yet, OSS mentors face their own barriers, which hinder the effectiveness of the strategy. Since little is known about the barriers mentors face, in this paper, we investigate the barriers that affect mentors and their newcomer mentees. We interviewed mentors from OSS projects and qualitatively analyzed their answers. We found 44 barriers: 19 that affect mentors; and 34 that affect newcomers (9 affect both newcomers and mentors). Interestingly, most of the barriers we identified (66%) have a social nature. Additionally, we identified 10 strategies that mentors indicated to potentially alleviate some of the barriers. Since gender-related challenges emerged in our analysis, we conducted nine follow-up structured interviews to further explore this perspective. The contributions of this paper include: identifying the barriers mentors face; bringing the unique perspective of mentors on barriers faced by newcomers; unveiling strategies that can be used by mentors to support newcomers; and investigating gender-specific challenges in OSS mentorship. Mentors, newcomers, online communities, and educators can leverage this knowledge to foster new contributors to OSS projects.     

Novel hybrid of clay,cellulose, and thermoplastics. I. Preparation and characterization of composites of ethylene–propylene copolymer

The present study is aimed to prepare hybrid materials by incorporating layered silicates and microcrystalline cellulose into thermoplastic polymer. Using ethylene–propylene (EP) copolymer as thermoplastic polymer matrix and maleated EP (MEP) copolymer as compatibilizer, three types of composites were prepared by (i) melt mixing of cellulose with thermoplastics [I], (ii) melt mixing of clay with thermoplastics [II], and (iii) melt mixing of cellulose with the thermoplastic clay nanocomposites [III]. They were characterized by X‐ray diffractometry (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Instron was used to measure the mechanical properties. The composites [II] and [III] that contain layered silicates were intercalated nanocomposites as confirmed by XRD and transmission electron microscopy. The improvement in tensile properties was observed in cellulose–fiber‐reinforced composites with increasing cellulose content. In nanocomposites [II] and [III], the tensile modulus was improved. The resistance of the cellulose composites [I] for water absorption decreased with increasing content of cellulose fibers. The incorporation of layered silicates reduced the water absorption of cellulose composites. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 2672–2682, 2007     

Tropical vaginal hydroceles: are they all filarial in origin?

Hydrocele of the tunica vaginalis testis has been conventionally used as an absolute indicator of filarial disease in most clinical surveys. The prevalence of filarial etiology in 100 consecutive hydroceles was studied using clinical, parasitological, histopathological and immunological parameters. Filarial etiology could be proved in 57% of hydrocele cases using major criteria: presence of microfilaria in hydrocele fluid, presence of chyle in hydrocele fluid, demonstration of adult worm in tunica, ratio of fluid antibody titer to serum antibody titer more than 2 and presence of filarial antigen in hydrocele fluid. The results of other tests in these 57 cases were used to define the minor criteria. In the other 43 cases, based on the minor criteria, 12 hydroceles could be classified as likely to be due to filariasis and the rest were probably non-filarial. Thus only 69% of hydroceles were definitely or probably filarial.     

An Efficient ARQ Protocol for Adaptive Error Control over Time-Varying Channels

Wireless Personal Communications -     

Simple and accurate methods for outage analysis in cellular mobileradio systems-a unified approach

Two unified expressions for computing the refined outage criterion (which considers the receiver noise) in cellular mobile radio systems are derived using the Laplace and Fourier inversion formulas. Since these expressions do not impose any restrictions on the signal statistics while being easy to program, they provide a powerful tool for outage analysis over generalized fading channels. We also assess compatibility and applicability of previously published approaches that treat noise as cochannel interference (noise-limited model) or consider a minimum detectable receiver signal threshold and receiver noise. The outage probability in an interference-limited case can be evaluated directly by setting the minimum power threshold to zero. The analysis of correlated interferers is presented. Results are also developed for a random number of interferers. Several new closed-form expressions for the outage probability are also derived. Some previous studies have suggested approximating Rician desired signal statistics by a Nakagami-m (1960) model (with positive integer fading severity index) to circumvent the difficulty in evaluating the outage in Rician fading. The suitability of this approximation is examined by comparing the outage performance under these two fading conditions. Surprisingly, some basic results for Nakagami-m channel have been overlooked, which has led to misleadingly optimistic results with the Nakagami-m approximation model. However, similar approximation for the interferer signals is valid     

Recent advances in cellular wireless communications

Testimonies of “wireless catching up with wireline” have begun. An information superhighway system is envisioned to fulfill the plethora of demand for wireless communications and the need for multimedia networks with multiservice requirements. The revolution in this technology will eventually free us, as communication users, from being tied down to a particular fixed location in a telephone network to person-to-person communications, via pocket-sized terminals, at an affordable price. This article briefly surveys the state of the art, standards, and technological growth experienced in mobile cellular (terrestrial and satellite) communications since the days of the ingenious inventions of Alexander Graham Bell and Guglielmo Marconi, over a century ago. Subsequently, we describe some emerging technological trends that can improve the capacity of third-generation systems and future outlooks for PCS networks in the next millennium     

Some remarks on Nakagami-m parameter estimation using method of moments

This letter develops new estimators for the Nakagami-m parameter based on real (integer and fractional) sample moments. These moment-based estimators are asymptotically unbiased, efficient, and have lower computational budget compared to the best known integer and real moment estimators [Cheng, J et al., (2002), Eqs. (4) and (9)] but comparable to [Gaeddert, J et al., (2005), Eq. (5)]. Specifically, the asymptotic expansion of sample moments derived in this article provides a generalized closed-form expression for the Nakagami-m parameter without the need for coefficient optimization for different ratios of real moments as needed in [Gaeddert, J et al., (2005)].