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161.
Nishiyama N. Arai M. Shinada S. Suzuki K. Koyama F. Iga K. 《Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE》2000,12(6):606-608
We propose a novel vertical-cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) with Al(Ga)As multi-oxide layer (MOX) structure for the purpose of enlarging window aperture maintaining single transverse mode operation. We have fabricated an InGaAs-GaAs VCSEL with the proposed MOX structure formed on GaAs (311)B substrate. We have performed a numerical simulation to investigate single-mode behavior of the proposed structure and showed a possibility of single-mode VCSEL's with a large active area. We have fabricated an 11-μm current aperture 960-nm wavelength VCSEL with this MOX structure. The threshold current and voltage were 1.0 mA and 2.0 V, respectively, which are comparable to those of conventional oxide VCSELs. In 8-μm aperture, single-mode operation was maintained with a driving current up to four times the threshold 相似文献
162.
Yoshifuru Mitsui Keiichi Koyama Kazuo Watanabe 《Science and Technology of Advanced Materials》2009,10(1)
A system was developed measuring x-ray powder diffraction in high magnetic fields up to 5 T and at temperatures from 283 to 473 K. The stability of the temperature is within 1 K over 6 h. In order to examine the ability of the system, the high-field x-ray diffraction measurements were carried out for Si and a Ni-based ferromagnetic shape-memory alloy. The results show that the x-ray powder diffraction measurements in high magnetic fields and at high temperatures are useful for materials research. 相似文献
163.
164.
Kageyama T. Miyamoto T. Makino S. Ikenaga Y. Nishiyama N. Matsutani A. Koyama F. Iga K. 《Electronics letters》2001,37(4):225-226
The authors present a near 1200 nm wavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) the active region of which is formed by GaInNAs/GaAs quantum wells grown by chemical beam epitaxy. Room temperature continuous-wave operation has been demonstrated with a high slope efficiency of 0.23 W/A, a high output power of over 1.0 mW, and a singlemode output power of 0.34 mW. The fabricated devices with different aperture sizes show low threshold currents of 1.2-2.1 mA and a record low threshold current density of 2.6 kA/cm2 in GaInNAs VCSELs 相似文献
165.
Observation of the intrinsic pinning of a magnetic domain wall in a ferromagnetic nanowire 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Koyama T Chiba D Ueda K Kondou K Tanigawa H Fukami S Suzuki T Ohshima N Ishiwata N Nakatani Y Kobayashi K Ono T 《Nature materials》2011,10(3):194-197
The spin transfer torque is essential for electrical magnetization switching. When a magnetic domain wall is driven by an electric current through an adiabatic spin torque, the theory predicts a threshold current even for a perfect wire without any extrinsic pinning. The experimental confirmation of this 'intrinsic pinning', however, has long been missing. Here, we give evidence that this intrinsic pinning determines the threshold, and thus that the adiabatic spin torque dominates the domain wall motion in a perpendicularly magnetized Co/Ni nanowire. The intrinsic nature manifests itself both in the field-independent threshold current and in the presence of its minimum on tuning the wire width. The demonstrated domain wall motion purely due to the adiabatic spin torque will serve to achieve robust operation and low energy consumption in spintronic devices. 相似文献
166.
K. Hamaguchi Y. Maeda H. Matsumoto M. Nishiuchi H. Tomida K. Koyama H. Awaki T. G. Tsuru 《Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment》2000,450(2-3):360-364
We have developed a CCD calibration system using fluorescent X-ray lines with energies ranging from 1.49 keV (Al K) to 11.2 keV (Se K). The absolute X-ray flux is calibrated by a gas proportional counter, while the emerging spectra are monitored by solid-state silicon detectors. In order to suppress contaminating X-rays in the fluorescence spectra, mechanical collimators were set in the X-ray beam line, high-purity targets for fluorescent lines were used, and band-pass filters were put on the X-ray beam line. As for the purity of the fluorescent X-rays, the typical purity achieved was 98%. 相似文献
167.
Y. Hamamoto K.C.A. Alam B.B. Saha S. Koyama A. Akisawa T. Kashiwagi 《International Journal of Refrigeration》2006,29(2):315-327
Thermal heat driven adsorption systems have been gained considerable attention on the recent energy utilization trend. However, the drawbacks of these adsorption systems are their poor performance. It is urgently necessary to improve the system performance of the adsorption cycles. There are two major ways for the system performance improvement. One is to develop new adsorbent material well suited to low temperature heat regeneration. The other is to enhance heat and mass transfer in the adsorber/desorber heat exchanger. The objective of the paper is to investigate the system performance of an adsorption cycle. The cycle utilizes activated carbon fiber (ACF)/methanol as adsorbent/refrigerant pair. In this paper, specific cooling effect SCE and COP of the system are numerically evaluated from the adsorption equilibrium theory with different hot, cooling and chilled fluid inlet temperatures. It is confirmed that the influences of hot, cooling and chilled fluid inlet temperatures on the system performance are qualitatively similar to those of silica gel/water pair. Even though, the driving temperature levels of ACF/methanol and silica gel/water are different. There is an optimum condition for COP to reach at maximum for ACF/methanol pair. Particularly, the ACF/methanol system shows better performance with lower chilled fluid inlet temperature between −20 and 20 °C. 相似文献
168.
S. Hatakeyama M. Ohno H. Takahashi R. M. T. Damayanthi C. Otani T. Yasumune T. Ohnishi K. Takasaki S. Koyama 《Journal of Low Temperature Physics》2014,176(3-4):560-565
We designed and fabricated a hard X-ray and gamma-ray TES spectrometer for nuclear materials analysis. The superconducting tin absorber is coupled to an Ir/Au TES by using a gold post to improve the thermal contact between the absorber and the TES. The reported energy resolution is 156 eV FWHM at 59.5 keV and 166 eV FWHM at 122 keV gamma-rays. We performed measurement of a Pu sample and clearly separated the \(^{239}\) Pu (56.828 keV) and the \(^{241}\) Am (59.5 keV) peaks by this TES microcalorimeter which cannot be resolved by the HPGe detector. 相似文献
169.
S. Tajima J. Schützmann S. Miyamoto G. D. Gu S. Koyama Y. Shiohara N. Koshizuka 《Journal of Superconductivity》1994,7(2):475-478
Comparing the optical spectra withEc for typical high-T
c
superconducting cuprates, we discuss the charge dynamics along thec-axis. The plasma energy or the mass anisotropic factorm
*
c
//m
*
b
is one of the key parameters determining the spectrum forEc. In Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 and La2–x
Sr
x
CuO4 with a largem
*
c
/m
*
b
, the plasma energy is smaller than the superconducting gap energy, and thus the supercurrent along thec-axis is a kind of Josephson current flowing through insulating layers such as the BiO layers. On the other hand, in YBa2Cu3O7 with a smallm
*
c
/m
*
a
, it seems that the coherent supercurrent flows along thec-axis. Although the spectrum forEc strongly depends on samples, presumably due to the difference in the hole concentration, a clear anisotropy between theab- and thec-directions is observed in the characteristics energy scales such as the plasma energy as well as the reflectivity knee energy. 相似文献
170.
Magdalene K. Ameka William N. Beavers Ciara M. Shaver Lorraine B. Ware Vern Eric Kerchberger Kelly Q. Schoenfelt Lili Sun Tatsuki Koyama Eric P. Skaar Lev Becker Alyssa H. Hasty 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(13)
Adipocyte iron overload is a maladaptation associated with obesity and insulin resistance. The objective of the current study was to determine whether and how adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) regulate adipocyte iron concentrations and whether this is impacted by obesity. Using bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) polarized to M0, M1, M2, or metabolically activated (MMe) phenotypes, we showed that MMe BMDMs and ATMs from obese mice have reduced expression of several iron-related proteins. Furthermore, the bioenergetic response to iron in obese ATMs was hampered. ATMs from iron-injected lean mice increased their glycolytic and respiratory capacities, thus maintaining metabolic flexibility, while ATMs from obese mice did not. Using an isotope-based system, we found that iron exchange between BMDMs and adipocytes was regulated by macrophage phenotype. At the end of the co-culture, MMe macrophages transferred and received more iron from adipocytes than M0, M1, and M2 macrophages. This culminated in a decrease in total iron in MMe macrophages and an increase in total iron in adipocytes compared with M2 macrophages. Taken together, in the MMe condition, the redistribution of iron is biased toward macrophage iron deficiency and simultaneous adipocyte iron overload. These data suggest that obesity changes the communication of iron between adipocytes and macrophages and that rectifying this iron communication channel may be a novel therapeutic target to alleviate insulin resistance. 相似文献