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41.
42.
The hyperfiltration of chromic plating rinse water, which contains a special type of surfactant, was examined using different annealed CA membranes. At low concentrations the surfactant influences the volume flow more than the rejection. An effect of the electrolytes can be neglected at low concentration. Increasing surfactant concentration as well as rising electrolyte concentration cause a remarkable drop of both volume flow and electrolyte rejection. This was measured with tetraethylammonium perfluoroctanolsulfonate, a commonly used surfactant for chromic plating. 相似文献
43.
Armin Mosandl und Ursula Palm 《Zeitschrift für Lebensmitteluntersuchung und -Forschung A》1991,193(2):109-114
Zusammenfassung Die Synthese von acht verschiedenen 2-Alkoxy-5-alkyl-tetrahydrofuranen und ihren Stereoisomeren wird vorgestellt, sieben von ihnen sind als Aromastoffe der Wassermelone bekannt. Alle Stereoisomeren werden, ausgehend von optisch reinen-Nonalacton-Enantiomeren, synthetisiert und mit Diisobutylaluminiumhydrid selektiv zu den entsprechenden Lactolen reduziert. Die Lactole werden mit den gewünschten Alkoholen in schwach saurer Lösung zucis/trans-Diastereomeren umgesetzt und durch Flüssigchromatographie in optisch reine Stereoisomere getrennt. Die sensorische Charakteristik aller Stereoisomeren der sieben Verbindungen wird aufgezeigt. Die Trennung dercis/trans-Diastereomeren an DB-210 wird vorgestellt und die chirospezifische Differenzierung der acht Verbindungen diskutiert.
Stereoisomeric flavour compounds L. Optically pure 2-alkoxy-5-alkyl-tetrahydrofurans — structures and properties
Summary The synthesis of eight different 2-alkoxy-5-alkyltetrahydrofurans and their stereoisomers is presented, seven of which are known to be flavour compounds of water melons. All stereoisomers were synthesized from optically pure-lactone enantiomers, which were selectively reduced by diisobutylaluminium hydride to the corresponding lactols. The lactols were treated with the desired alcohol component in weakly acidic media to yield thecis/trans diastereoisomers, which were separated into optically pure stereoisomers by liquid chromatography. The sensory characteristics of all four stereoisomers of the seven compounds are given. The Stereodifferentiation of thesecis/trans diastereoisomers on DB-210 is demonstrated and the direct chirospecific differentiation of all eight compounds discussed.相似文献
44.
Tröger Armin Svensson Glenn P. Galbrecht Hans-Martin Twele Robert Patt Joseph M. Bartram Stefan Zarbin Paulo H. G. Segraves Kari A. Althoff David M. von Reuss Stephan Raguso Robert A. Francke Wittko 《Journal of chemical ecology》2021,47(12):1025-1041
Journal of Chemical Ecology - The obligate pollination mutualism between Yucca and yucca moths is a classical example of coevolution. Oviposition and active pollination by female yucca moths occur... 相似文献
45.
Chaudry Oliver Friedberger Andreas Grimm Alexandra Uder Michael Nagel Armin Michael Kemmler Wolfgang Engelke Klaus 《Magma (New York, N.Y.)》2021,34(3):367-376
Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine - To develop a precise semi-automated segmentation of the fascia lata (FL) of the thigh to quantify IMAT volume in T1w MR images and... 相似文献
46.
A. Irretier O. Kessler F. Hoffmann P. Mayr 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》2004,13(5):530-536
When precipitation-hardenable aluminum parts are water quenched, distortion occurs due to thermal stresses. Thereby, a costly
reworking is necessary, and for this reason polymer quenchants are often used to reduce distortion, with the disadvantage
that the quenched parts have to be cleaned after quenching. In opposition to liquid quenchants, gas quenching may decrease
distortion due to the better temperature uniformity during quenching. Furthermore, cleaning of the quenched parts can be avoided
because it is a dry process. For this purpose, a heat-treating process was evaluated that included a high-pressure gasquenching
step. Gas quenching was applied to different aluminum alloys (i.e., 2024, 6013, 7075, and A357.0), and tensile tests have
been carried out to determine the mechanical properties after solution annealing, gas quenching, and aging. Besides high-pressure
gas quenching, alloy 2024 was quenched at ambient pressure in a gas nozzle field. The high velocity at the gas outlet leads
to an accelerated cooling of the aluminum alloy in this case. Aluminum castings and forgings can be classified as an interesting
field of application of these quenching methods due to their near-net shape before the heat treatment. Cost savings would
be possible due to the reduced distortion, and therefore, less reworking after the precipitation hardening. 相似文献
47.
Hollow shape component approaches, applied to shafts and similar workpieces, represent a major potential for ground-breaking innovations in lightweight engineering and safety designs. Among suitable forming technologies, spin extrusion is a pioneering and particularly flexible hollow-shaping technique. All outside form elements, straight or stepped cylinders, cones or spherical rotation elements emerge just from the kinematics of tools. The inside hollow shapes, as e.g. circular cross-sections, shaft to collar connections such as spherical triangles, polygons, splines or dovetail forms are manufactured with a shaping mandrel. Spin extrusion can be applied first and foremost at dimensions that are unattainable with other techniques. The application includes hollow shafts, thick-walled cups and semi-finished tubular products that are not to be found in off-the-shelf cross-sections. In these cases the possibility for using of massive bars is connected with very high price advantages. Furthermore material-saving machining is attracting special attention for high-grade materials.The paper characterizes substantial steps of process analysis and the appliance of a new, derived from the bound method, numerical simulation method for spin extrusion process. Holistic process analysis is the prime factor for process capability. The specific application of the developed special methods of simulation, the accumulation of process data and the integrating into the Computer numerical control of spin extrusion machine is a precondition guaranteeing high-quality assurance. 相似文献
48.
Mischa Schmidt Jan Seedorf Stefano Napolitano Rosario G. Garroppo Andrea Cavaliere Thilo Ewald Armin Jahanpanah Zbigniew Kopertowski Marcin Pilarski Pawel Grochocki 《Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications》2013,6(2):134-154
Application Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO) has recently gained attention in the research and standardisation community as a way for a network operator to guide the peer selection process of distributed applications by providing network layer topology information. In particular P2P applications are expected to gain from ALTO, due to the many connections peers form among each other, often without taking network layer topology information into account. In this paper, we present results of an extensive intra-ISP trial with an ALTO-enhanced P2P filesharing software. In summary, our results show that—depending on the concrete setting and on the distribution of upload capacity in the network—ALTO enables an ISP to save operational costs significantly while not degrading application layer performance noticeably. In addition, based on our experience we are able to give advice to operators on how to save costs with ALTO while not sacrificing application layer performance at all. 相似文献
49.
50.