Ca3(PO4)2‐incorporated poly(ethylene oxide)‐based nanocomposite electrolytes for lithium batteries. Part II. Interfacial properties investigated by XPS and a.c. impedance studies

The surface layer and elemental composition of a lithium‐metal electrode before and after in contact with nanocomposite polymer electrolytes (NCPEs) comprising poly(ethylene oxide)/Ca₃(PO₄)₂/LiX (X = N(CF₃SO₂)₂, ClO₄) were analyzed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The presence of Li₂CO₃/LiOH in the outer layer of the native film was identified. The formation of LiF was detected on lithium surface when in contact with NCPE containing LiN(CF₃SO₂)₂ and is attributed to the reaction between the native film and impurities. Li/NCPE/Li symmetric cells were assembled, and the thickness of the solid electrolyte interface as a function of time was analyzed at 60°C. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Combustion synthesis of oxide materials for nuclear waste immobilization

Oxide materials like perovskite, zirconolite, hollandite, pyrochlore, NASICON and sphene which are used for nuclear waste immobilization have been prepared by a solution combustion process. The process involves the combustion of stoichiometric amount of corresponding metal nitrates and carbohydrazide/tetraformyl trisazine/diformyl hydrazide at 450°C. The combustion products have been characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and²⁹Si MAS-NMR. The fine particle nature of the combustion derived powders has been studied using density, particle size, BET surface area measurements and scanning electron microscopy. Sintering of combustion derived powder yields 85–95% dense ceramics in the temperature range 1000°–1300°C.     

Characterization of Thermal Properties of Potato Dry Matter–Water and Starch–Water Systems

ABSTRACT: Potato dry matter samples of varying moisture contents were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). One endothermic and one exothermic transition were observed when the moisture content was < 50% (w/w) in the dry matter–water system. Both endothermic and exothermic transitions of potato dry matter were influenced by moisture content. One endothermic transition at about 66 °C was observed when the samples were reheated after 2 wk of storage at 5 °C. Gelatinization and retrogradation of starch are chiefly responsible for the endothermic transitions in the potato dry matter. The exothermic transition may originate from chemical reactions such as Maillard and caramelization during heating of a potato dry matter–water system when water is limited (< 50%, w/w) and at temperatures > 120 °C     

Failure Analysis of a Cam Gear in the Torquemeter Assembly of a Turboprop Engine

Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention - Failure analysis of a cam gear in the torquemeter assembly of a turboprop engine has been carried out to determine the root cause of the failure so that...     

Analysis of Low-Pressure Turbine Nozzle Guide Vane Failure in an Aero Gas Turbine Engine: A Computational Approach

Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention - Failure of low-pressure turbine nozzle guide vane (NGV) in an aero gas turbine engine is analyzed using computational approach. Breakage in the cooling...     

A Study of Added SiC Powder in Kerosene for the Blind Square Hole Machining of CFRP Using Electrical Discharge Machining

Silicon - Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRPs) have been applied potentially for various application components owing to their lightweight and better mechanical properties. However, the...     

Probiotics and Its Functionally Valuable Products—A Review

During the past two decades probiotic bacteria have been increasingly proposed as health promoting bacteria in variety of food system, because of its safety, functional, and technological characteristics. Commonly, Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Saccharomyces boulardii, and some other microorganisms have been considered as probiotic strains. Possibly these bacterial strains exerted several beneficial effects into gastrointestinal tract of host while administered with variety of food system. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) usually produce antimicrobial substances like bacteriocin which have broad spectrum of antagonist effect against closely related Gram positive and Gram negative pathogens. LAB strains often produce polymeric substances such as exopolysaccharides (EPS) which increase the colonization of probiotic bacteria by cell–cell interactions in gastrointestinal tract. LAB also produces biosurfactant which showed that the wide range of antimicrobial activity against bacterial pathogen as well as its antiadhesive properties reduces the adhesion of pathogens into gastric wall membrane. Furthermore, LAB strains have also been reported for production of antioxidants which are ability to scavenge the free radicals such as superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals. For this sense, this review article is mainly focused on the ecology, biosynthesis, genetics, target sites, and applications of bacteriocins and EPS from LAB strains. Moreover, this review discusses about the production and functions of nutritive essential element folate and iron chelating agent such as siderophores from LAB.     

Site‐specific delivery of green tea coated aluminium magnesium silicate beads and studies on their effect against chicken coccidiosis

In this report, the site‐specific co‐delivery of green tea/aluminium magnesium silicate (AMS) was reported and the specific target delivery was achieved orally. The new co‐precipitation process was developed to synthesis the green tea/AMS hybrid complex and using energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman confirmed its successful synthesis. The blood biocompatibility of the green tea/AMS was tested using chicken blood, and the compound is safe up to 500 mg/ml. After mixed with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate, the oral beads were synthesised using a linking agent. The oral beads underwent different pH‐based dissolution studies and the results indicated that the beads specifically dissolved in gastric pH (6.5). The pharmaco kinetic studies were performed to estimate the delivery kinetics. The results revealed that the beads underwent as per the Higuchi model. The anticoccidial effects of the beads were tested using chicken. The animal studies were performed in two different modes such as prophylactic treatment and active treatment after Eimeria species challenge. The results indicated that the prophylactic treatment with beads 100% protected the chicken and the active treatment with beads after the Eimeria challenge significantly protected against the intestinal damage and it also enhanced the anticoccidial effect.Inspec keywords: X‐ray chemical analysis, drug delivery systems, pH, drugs, biomedical materials, blood, dissolving, Fourier transform infrared spectra, Raman spectra, aluminium compounds, magnesium compounds, precipitation (physical chemistry), materials preparationOther keywords: prophylactic treatment, active treatment, anticoccidial effect, green tea coated aluminium magnesium silicate beads, chicken coccidiosis, target delivery, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, blood biocompatibility, chicken blood, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate, oral beads, pharmacokinetic studies, delivery kinetics, animal studies, site‐specific codelivery, pH‐based dissolution, coprecipitation process, green tea‐AMS hybrid complex, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, linking agent, gastric pH, Al₂ Mg₃ O₁₈ Si₆ , intestinal damage, Eimeria species, anticoccidial effects, Higuchi model