Large scale hybrid FRP composite girders for use in bridge structures—theory, test and field application

This paper presents the manufacturing process and testing of large scale hybrid composite girders. The evaluation of the girders was a part of the European funded ASSET project. The bridge project, started in 1998 and finished in the autumn of 2002. The ASSET project has in brief covered the design, manufacture and construction of a fully polymer composite traffic bridge. The longitudinal girders are the most important part for the load carrying system of the bridge. Different types of girders were discussed, i.e. steel, concrete or FRP girders. Due to the advantages of FRP girders, for example; light weight, easy installation, superb durability and less maintenance compared to traditional materials it was decided to use FRP in the girders. However, before this could be carried out, tests were needed to verify theoretical calculations. Also a FE-analysis has been carried out, and this analysis is compared with an engineering analytical solution and tests. Both the numerical and the analytical theory correspond quite well with obtained test results.     

Combined wind,wave and current forces — extreme value analysis of a simplified model

Studies are presented on the extreme value statitics of combined wind, wave and current loading on a fixed offshore structure. The emphasis is on a method developed by the author to study extreme values of compound stochastic processes. The effect on the extreme value estimates of considering the component loads separately or simultaneously is discussed.