Effects of Variety, Maturity and Processing on Pear Juice Quality and Protein Stability

?Anjou, Comice, and Bartlett pears were processed into clarified juices from hard green and soft ripened fruits. Processing trials with and without SO₂ were conducted. Effects of variety, maturity and processing on browning, turbidity, proteins, and stability were investigated. Browning increased with heat treatment, and was reduced by processing with SO₂. Total soluble protein content increased with fruit maturity and processing with SO₂. Protein fractions from a clarifying enzyme preparation (mainly arabinase and amylase) with MW in the range of 64,000–92,000 and containing glycoproteins were not removed by fining/clarification. They contributed to protein instability in the clarified pear juices, but could be removed by heat treatment (pasteurization) prior to final filtration and bottling. Our results indicate some enzymes added for clarification during processing may contribute to post-clarification haze and sediment formation.     

THE LOGIC OF AUTOMATA

Automata are the prime example of general systems over discrete spaces, and yet the theory of automata is fragmentary and it is not clear what makes a general structure an automaton. This paper investigates the logical foundations of automata relating it to the semantics of our notions of uncertainty, state and state-determined. A single framework is established for the conventional spectrum of automata: deterministic, probabilistic, fuzzy, and non-deterministic, which shows this set to be, in some sense, complete. Counter-examples are then developed to show that this spectrum alone is inadequate to describe the behaviour of certain forms of uncertain system. Finally a general formulation is developed based on the fundamental semantics of our notion of a state that shows that the logical Structure of an automaton must be at least a positive ordered semiring. The role of probability logic, its relationship to fuzzy logic, the rotes of topological models of automata, and the symmetry between inputs and outputs in hyperstate/hyperinput-determinedsystems are also discussed.     

THE LOGIC OF AUTOMATA

Automata are the prime example of general systems over discrete spaces, and yet the theory of automata is fragmentary and it is not clear what makes a general structure an automaton. This paper investigates the logical foundations of automata relating it to the semantics of our notions of uncertainty, state and state-determined. A single framework is established for the conventional spectrum of automata: deterministic, probabilistic, fuzzy, and non-deterministic, which shows this set to be, in some sense, complete. Counter-examples are then developed to show that this spectrum alone is inadequate to describe the behaviour of certain forms of uncertain system. Finally a general formulation is developed based on the fundamental semantics of our notion of a state that shows that the logical structure of an automaton must be at least a positive ordered semiring. The role of probability logic, its relationship to fuzzy logic, the roles of topological models of automata, and the symmetry between inputs and outputs in hyperstate/hyperinput-determined systems are also discussed.     

Requiem for a theory: the ‘ story grammar’ story

Abstract

Story grammar was a fairly hot topic in artificial intelligence (AI) from the mid-1970s to the early 1980s. Now, however, it has virtually disappeared as a research issue in AI. The process of science is one where theories are proposed, experiments are conducted, hypotheses are tested, theories are revised and, ultimately, theories are either accepted or rejected. The story grammar story is surveyed with a view towards describing what it was, and explaining what happened to it, from the perspective of the scientific process.     

1,4-Dihydroxyanthraquinone-2-thioethers. Dyes for Synthetic-polymer Fibres

The synthesis of a series of 2-thioethers of 1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone by various preparative routes is described. The colour, dyeing and fastness properties on synthetic-polymer fibres of these dyes is discussed in terms of the nature of the substituent in the thiol group. 2-(2-aminophenylthio)-l, 4-dihydroxyanthraquinone, which gave the new heterocycle 6,13-dihydroxyanthra-[2,3-b]benzo[d] thiophen-7,12-dione on Pschorr intramoleadar cyclization, was observed to undergo cyclization, during both its synthesis and its application to polyester fibres, to the blue coloured 7-hydroxy-14H-mphtho[2,3-a] pheno-thiazine-8,13-dione.     

领会无成本之路

之前,EDN分析了一个削价至20美元(原价为50美元)的USB音频外设。这次我们继续对ABS打折后的NW-203-RT 802．11g与四端口开关式路由器进行财务分析。在这个淡紫色塑料壳内都有些什么东西?卖20美元ABS还赚钱吗?