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61.
62.
由13Cr可焊马氏体不锈钢(WMSGSS)制造的油气管线由于价格便宜,相对于昂贵的耐腐蚀合金来说是一个很有竞争力的选择。但是实验室试验和现场经历表明,13Cr马氏体不锈钢焊接接头热影响区发生了沿晶应力腐蚀开裂(IGSCC)。对于低等级的马氏体不锈钢来说,沿晶应力腐蚀开裂机理被认为是在晶界的碳化物附近存在贫铬区。对于中等级和高等级马氏体不锈钢来说,只在实验室试验发现有应力腐蚀开裂。它们的应力腐蚀开裂机理还没有明确,虽然最可能的应力腐蚀开裂机理也被认为和低等级马氏体不锈钢的应力腐蚀开裂机理类似。原子力显微镜(AFM)已开始广泛用于材料显微组织和环境敏感断裂的研究中。高等级马氏体不锈钢焊接接头对晶间腐蚀/应力腐蚀开裂敏感性很有希望由原子力显微镜检测到。在原子力显微镜技术应用于这项研究之前,用由304不锈钢准备的不同敏化度的试样来确定它的适用性是十分有益的。本文用原子力显微镜研究了不同敏化程度的304不锈钢的晶间腐蚀敏感性并和SEM和EDS结果进行了对比。 相似文献
63.
BRIAN PORTER 《国际通用系统杂志》2013,42(1):225-229
Trends in the systems and control sciences are discussed in relation to certain results in cybernetics. In particular, optimal control theory is reviewed in the light of practical engineering requirements and servomechanism theory is considered in the light of Ashby's law of requisite variety. 相似文献
64.
BRIAN PORTER 《国际通用系统杂志》2013,42(2)
The concepts of reachability and controllability do not coincide but reflect a fundamental difference between the dynamical characteristics of different classes of multi-variable systems. This difference is discussed in relation to discrete-time linear dynamical systems and is illustrated by a simple numerical example. 相似文献
65.
BRIAN WANNAMAKER 《International journal of remote sensing》2013,34(1):133-144
The TIROS-N/NOAA-A, -J series of meteorological satellites transmit imagery data to the Earth in both digital and analogue formats. The analogue data are a processed subset of the digital data and have lower resolution. A quantitative evaluation of a post-reception digitized version of this is made using the corresponding digital data as a standard. In nine comparisons the calibration of the infrared sensor on board was within 001°C. Sea surface temperature estimates from APT data were 0.3°C below the corresponding digitally transmitted data. The albedo estimates were within 0.2 per cent. Processed APT data are adequate for many mesoscale measurements in the fields of oceanography and meteorology and are more readily accessible than the digitally transmitted data. 相似文献
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67.
TATIANA KOUTCHMA BIAO GUO EDUARDO PATAZCA BRIAN PARISI 《Journal of food process engineering》2005,28(6):610-629
The inactivation of Clostridium sporogenes PA 3679 spores by high pressure at high temperatures (HP–HT) in phosphate buffer was investigated in a lab‐scale temperature‐controlled HP system (QFP‐6) with an internal heater to maintain the sample temperature. Some inactivation of spores occurred during the pressurization come‐up time (CUT) and depressurization time. The inactivation of PA 3679 was found to be exponential during the adiabatic holding period of the HP cycle at constant pressures and temperatures. The inactivation rate increased with both pressure and temperature. The kinetic parameters – such as D‐values at tested temperatures and pressures that are necessary for the design of process parameters of HP sterilization process – were determined. Within the pressure range of 600–800 MPa, the calculated D‐values ranged from 270.3 to 357.4 and 49.0 to 67.6 s at 91 and 108C, respectively. These studies provided basic data on the effects of pressure and temperature on the inactivation of PA 3679 spores under conditions applicable to the development of preservation specifications for commercial HP–HT processing of low acid foods. The spore strips of C. sporogenes were used as indicators for microbiological verification of delivered lethality of HP–HT sterilization process at different processing conditions in a pilot scale HP vessel. 相似文献
68.
THE STIMULATION OF PHENOLICS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY IN PEA (PISUM SATIVUM) ELICITED BY GENETICALLY TRANSFORMED ANISE ROOT EXTRACT 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
A series of dark germination experiments demonstrate the potential of an Agrobacterium rhizogenes‐transformed, high cytokinin root extract of anise (Pimpinella anisum), to stimulate phytophenolic and enhance antioxidant activity in pea (Pisum sativum) seedlings. Average shoot weight increased 40–60% after imbibing seeds for 24 h in a 1.5 to 2.0% extract of the anise root clone AR‐10. Phenolic concentration was positively correlated with shoot weight, suggesting that the total phenolic content was related to seedling vigor. Antioxidant protection factor in pea shoots was also stimulated by AR‐10 extracts. Free proline concentrations were 2–3 times higher in shoots collected from AR‐10 treated peas versus controls. However, proline content also increased as shoot weight declined after being subjected to an overdose of AR‐10 extract in 25% ethanol. G6PDH specific activity, the first committed step of the pentose phosphate pathway, was negatively associated with shoot growth and proline concentrations. 相似文献
69.
Whole and processed Alaskan fish were examined for aerobic plate counts, total coliforms, and Escherichia coli. Washing whole salmon and halibut reduced skin microbial counts from 103/cm2 to 102/cm2. Whole and dressed fish had coliform counts less than 13/cm2 and E. coli counts less than 0.3/cm2. Alaska pollock and Pacific cod fillets had microbial counts between 103/g and 106/g, coliform counts less than 70/g, and E. coli counts less than 4/g. Whole fish contained microbial flora predominated by Moraxella species whereas dressed fish and fillets had microbial flora consisting of Arthrobacter/Corynebacterium, Flavobacterium, and Pseudomonas species. Microorganisms on conveyor belts and other contact surfaces may have contributed contaminants to fillets. 相似文献
70.
Interfacial Layers in Brittle Cracks 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
DAVID H. ROACH SRINIVASARAO LATHABAI BRIAN R. LAWN 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1988,71(2):97-105
A study has been made of interfacial layers that form within cracks in mica and silicate glass. The layers are the result of interactions with environmental species behind the crack tip. Deposition processes are associated with precipitation from aqueous solutions and corrosion of the crack walls. The level of precipitation depends on such factors as "impurity" content, temperature, etc. It is demonstrated that the layers can bridge the interface and thereby significantly increase the apparent toughness and the strength. These retardation effects are modeled as an "internal"(negative) contribution to the net stress intensity factor on the crack from closure tractions over a near-tip area of the interface. The results highlight the potential importance of surface chemistry as a determinant of both equilibrium and kinetic fracture properties. 相似文献