The effects of hydrocolloids in rice–wheat flour were studied. Hydrocolloids at 0%, 0.3%, 0.6% and 1% w/w (flour basis) and guar (G), Lepidium sativum seed (L) and guar-L. sativum seed (GL) gum were tested as additives to the rice/flour in various combinations. The quality parameters for the experiment were assessed with farinography, extensography, amylography and texture profile analysis. The evaluation of dough rheology showed that water absorption, dough development time, dough stability and viscosity all increased with the addition of hydrocolloids alone or in a combination. It was demonstrated that G1L1 promoted the highest effect. The mixing tolerance index and gelatinization temperature decreased with an increased hydrocolloid concentration. Extensibility value for the dough that incorporated guar and L. sativum seed gum increased with increasing hydrocolloid concentration from 0.3% to 0.6% and then decreased at 1%. The water activity of all bread didn't have significant differences with increasing hydrocolloids concentration but this parameter 24 decreased during storage. Firmness decreased with increasing hydrocolloid concentration and increased with increasing storage time. The sensory evaluation by a consumer panel gave the higher score for overall acceptability to G0.3L0.3 and G0.3L0.6 samples. The results also showed that G1L1, G1L0.6 and G0.6L1 samples had high specific volume and porosity. 相似文献
In recent years, numerous attempts have been made to reduce the global environmental and associated socio-economic impacts of construction activities to achieve sustainable development goals. A sustainable system or activity refers to an eco-friendly, cost effective and socio-politically viable solution. This paper utilizes triple-bottom-line (TBL) sustainability criteria for the selection of a sustainable flooring system in Tehran (Iran). Three types of block joisted flooring systems – concrete, clay, and expanded polystyrene (EPS) blocks – have been investigated using life cycle analysis (LCA). Proposed approach provides a comprehensive evaluation system based on TBL criteria that are further divided into thirteen sub-criteria. It includes: (1) Environmental concerns (resource depletion, waste and emissions, waste management, climate change, environmental risk, embodied energy and energy loss); (2) Economic concerns (material cost, construction cost, and occupation and maintenance cost); and (3) Socio-political issues (social acceptance, vulnerability of area, and building weight). Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is used as a multi-criteria decision making technique that helps to aggregate the impacts of proposed (sub)criteria into a sustainability index (SI) through a five-level hierarchical structure. Integration of AHP and LCA provides a framework for robust decision making that is consistent with sustainable construction practices. A detailed analysis shows that the EPS block is the most sustainable solution for block joisted flooring system in Tehran. 相似文献
In this work, an attempt is made to study
system with x=0.0125, 0.025, 0.050, 0.075 and 0.1. It was shown that there is limited solid solubility (0.625 mol %) of
or 1.25 mol % of
in PZT(53/47). For higher levels of dopant, mainly two other extra second phases were detected. The first was a Zr-rich phase in which some
and small amounts of
was dissolved. The second one was a Pb solid solution
composed of mainly PbO,
and
which was initially also seen in calcined samples. The formation of Zr-rich phase is thought possibly to originate due to the sublimation of Pb from
source during the sintering process. For higher x values, a structural shift towards Ti-rich region of PZT's phase diagram is seen. All piezoelectric parameters of the doped samples such as
,
are seen to decline sharply compared to that of undoped samples. Increasing the level of dopant gave rise to the increase of conductivity and dielectric loss of sintered samples. The formation of non-ferroelectric extra phases, and the Zr/Ti change of the main formed phase is believed to be responsible for this behavior. 相似文献
In this paper, poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) doped multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs/polyrhodanine), were synthesized through one-step chemical oxidative polymerization of rhodanine monomers on the surface-modified carbon nanotubes. Characterization of MWCNTs/polyrhodanine was conducted by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and EDX spectrum analyses in which the results confirmed the successful formation of MWCNTs/polyrhodanine. In addition, to investigate the thermal properties of samples, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was employed, and results exhibited significant improvement in the nanocomposite thermal stability due to the addition of MWCNTs with reinforcement effect in polymer matrix. 相似文献
This paper is a study on the problem of path planning for two robots on a grid. We consider the objective of minimizing the maximum path length which corresponds to minimizing the arrival time of the last robot at its goal position. We propose an optimal algorithm that solves the problem in linear time with respect to the size of the grid. We show that the algorithm is complete; meaning that it is sure to find an optimal solution or report if any does not exist. 相似文献
MnO2 supported on graphene oxide (GO) made from different graphite materials has been synthesized and further investigated as electrode materials for supercapacitors. The structure and morphology of MnO2-GO nanocomposites are characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Nitrogen adsorption-desorption. As demonstrated, the GO fabricated from commercial expanded graphite (denoted as GO(1)) possesses more functional groups and larger interplane gap compared to the GO from commercial graphite powder (denoted as GO(2)). The surface area and functionalities of GO have significant effects on the morphology and electrochemical activity of MnO2, which lead to the fact that the loading amount of MnO2 on GO(1) is much higher than that on GO(2). Elemental analysis performed via inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy confirmed higher amounts of MnO2 loading on GO(1). As the electrode of supercapacitor, MnO2-GO(1) nanocomposites show larger capacitance (307.7 F g-1) and better electrochemical activity than MnO2-GO(2) possibly due to the high loading, good uniformity, and homogeneous distribution of MnO2 on GO(1) support. 相似文献
Vernacular architecture is highly compatible with local conditions and is often referred to as environmentally friendly and sustainable architecture. Today, due to issues that threaten the environment, re-paying attention to these compatibility methods and their application in contemporary architecture can be one of the priorities of architectural planning. This research seeks to answer the question of how vernacular architecture in mountainous regions is formed in order to adapt to local characteristics and particularly the role of semi-open spaces in this coordination. The article is a case study of the residential units in Kang village, Torqabeh city, Khorasan Razavi province, Iran. For this purpose, the physical variables of the village, including how the village texture and its thoroughfares were established and formed, mass and space structure, the configuration of residential units and the formation of closed, open, and semi-open spaces, material types, building techniques, and construction details, and issues related to the openings of residential units are studied in 35 house samples of the village. The result shows that the physical planning of the village, in accordance with the principles proposed in the Mahoney table for cold semi-arid climates, causes the most passive heating. Examination of the physical characteristics of the semi-open spaces in relation to the residential unit shows that these spaces play a major role in coordinating the building with the coldness of the region.
Network-on-chip (NoC) has rapidly become a promising alternative for complex system-on-chip architectures including recent multicore architectures. Additionally, optimizing NoC architectures with respect to different design objectives that are suitable for a particular application domain is crucial for achieving high-performance and energy-efficient customized solutions. Despite the fact that many researches have provided various solutions for different aspects of NoCs design, a comprehensive NoCs system solution has not emerged yet. This paper presents a novel methodology to provide a solution for complex on-chip communication problems to reduce power, latency and area overhead. Our proposed NoC communication architecture is based on setting up virtual source–destination paths between selected pairs of NoCs cores so that the packets belonging to distance nodes in the network can bypass intermediate routers while traveling through these virtual paths. In this scheme, the paths are constructed for an application based on its task-graph at the design time. After that, the run time scheduling mechanism is applied to improve the buffer management, virtual channel and switch allocation schemes and hence, the constructed paths are optimized dynamically. Moreover, in our design the router complexity and its overheads are reduced. Additionally, the suggested router has been implemented on Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA family. The evaluation results captured by SPLASH-2 benchmark suite reveal that in comparison with the conventional NoC router, the proposed router takes 25% and 53% reduction in latency and energy, respectively besides 3.5% area overhead. Indeed, our experimental results demonstrate a significant reduction in the average packet latency and total power consumption with negligible area overhead. 相似文献