The Effects of Initial Conditions on Photoacoustic Waveforms Generated by a Gaussian Heating Source Moving in One Dimension

Although the photoacoustic effect is almost universally generated by radiation whose intensity is varied in time either by amplitude modulation of a continuous optical source or through the use of pulsed irradiation, it is possible to produce sound by movement of a continuous source in space. Here, the characteristics of sound production by movement of a light source in one dimension are discussed by solution to the wave equation for pressure. Solutions to the wave equation for the velocity potential, from which the acoustic pressure can be determined, are found using the D’Alembert integral and by Fourier transformation of the wave equation. The characteristics of the waveform generated by a Gaussian heat source moving uniformly in space are found to depend on the initial conditions for movement of the source.     

GPS测量系统误差分析

本文引出了GPS姿态测量,介绍了GPS测量原理,根据GPS测量系统的特点分析了测量过程中的各种误差,并提出了相应的误差消除措施。     

Interaction of {112¯2} twin variants in hexagonal close-packed titanium

As multiple {11$\overline{2}$ 2} twin variants are often formed during deformation in hexagonal close-packed (hcp) titanium, the twin-twin interaction structure has a profound influence on mechanical properties. In this paper, the twin-twin interaction structures of the {11$\overline{2}$2} contraction twin in cold-rolled commercial purity titanium were studied by using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Formation of the {11$\overline{2}$2} twin variants was found to deviate the rank of Schmid factor, and the non-Schmid behavior was explained by the high-angle grain boundary nucleation mechanism. All the observed twin-twin pairs manifested a quilted-looking structure, which consists of the incoming twins being arrested by the obstacle twins. Furthermore, the quilted-looking {11$\overline{2}$2} twin-twin boundary was revealed by TEM and high resolution TEM observations. De-twinning, lattice rotation and curved twin boundary were observed in the obstacle twin due to the twin-twin reaction with the impinging twin. A twin-twin interaction mechanism for the {11$\overline{2}$2} twin variants was proposed in terms of the dislocation dissociation, which will enrich the understanding for the propagation of twins and twinning-induced hardening in hcp metals and alloys.     

Novel transcatheter aortic heart valves exhibiting excellent hemodynamic performance and low-fouling property

Transcatheter aortic heart valves (TAHVs) have been widely used for aortic valve replacements, with less trauma and lower clinical risk compared with traditional surgical heart valve replacements. In the present study, composites of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels and anisotropic high-shrinkage polyethylene terephthalate/polyamide6 (PET-PA6) fabric (PEGDA/PET-PA6) were fabricated as artificial heart valve leaflets. Dynamic mechanical analyses (DMA) indicated that PEGDA/PET-PA6 composites possessed anisotropic mechanical properties (i.e., storage moduli ～23.30 ± 1.36 MPa parallel to the aligned fabric fibers and ～9.68 ± 0.90 MPa perpendicular to the aligned fibers at 1 Hz) that were comparable to aortic valve leaflets. The PEGDA/PET-PA6 composites with smooth surfaces were highly hydrophilic (contact angle ～41.6° ± 3.8°) and had low-fouling properties without platelet adhesion, suggesting a low risk of thrombogenicity when they interacted with blood. Furthermore, transcatheter aortic heart valves were fabricated using nitinol self-expanding frames and PEGDA/PET-PA6 composites as artificial leaflets, which presented excellent hemodynamic performance with a large orifice area (1.75 cm²) and low regurgitation (3.41%), thus meeting the requirements of ISO 5840-3 standard. Therefore, PEGDA/PET-PA6 composites had suitable mechanical properties, good biocompatibility, and low-fouling properties, indicating that they might be used for TAHVs in the future.     

直升机超临界尾传动轴限幅减振器非线性动力学特性研究

直升机超临界尾传动轴在跨临界转速时会产生剧烈的振动。限幅减振器是专门针对尾传动轴跨临界减振问题设计的一种复合式减振器。限幅减振器与尾传动轴组成的系统具有摩擦、碰撞等强非线性特征,动力学特性异常复杂。为揭示限幅减振器工作机理并指导减振器设计,建立了具有双间隙结构的限幅减振器与尾传动轴系统的弹簧-质量-阻尼等效模型。分别基于直接时间域积分和时频变换谐波平衡（Harmonic Balance Method with Alternating Frequency-Time Domain Technique）+数值延拓（Numerical Continuation）两种方法对控制方程进行了求解。计算结果表明,限幅减振器存在无作用、正常减振、异常减振、限位四种工作状态。其中,限位状态是针对故障工况下尾传动轴进行的临时限位保护。此外,进一步研究了减振器参数对减振和限位效果的影响,得到了传动轴与碰摩环之间间隙、碰撞刚度以及临界摩擦力对限幅减振器减振效果的影响规律。发现存在最优临界摩擦力,且最优临界摩擦力与传动轴不平衡量等有关。同时限位状态下,通过增加碰摩环与底座之间的碰撞刚度可以减小限位幅值,但也会产生...     

Neural Machine Translation by Fusing Key Information of Text

When the Transformer proposed by Google in 2017, it was first used for machine translation tasks and achieved the state of the art at that time. Although the current neural machine translation model can generate high quality translation results, there are still mistranslations and omissions in the translation of key information of long sentences. On the other hand, the most important part in traditional translation tasks is the translation of key information. In the translation results, as long as the key information is translated accurately and completely, even if other parts of the results are translated incorrect, the final translation results’ quality can still be guaranteed. In order to solve the problem of mistranslation and missed translation effectively, and improve the accuracy and completeness of long sentence translation in machine translation, this paper proposes a key information fused neural machine translation model based on Transformer. The model proposed in this paper extracts the keywords of the source language text separately as the input of the encoder. After the same encoding as the source language text, it is fused with the output of the source language text encoded by the encoder, then the key information is processed and input into the decoder. With incorporating keyword information from the source language sentence, the model’s performance in the task of translating long sentences is very reliable. In order to verify the effectiveness of the method of fusion of key information proposed in this paper, a series of experiments were carried out on the verification set. The experimental results show that the Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU) score of the model proposed in this paper on the Workshop on Machine Translation (WMT) 2017 test dataset is higher than the BLEU score of Transformer proposed by Google on the WMT2017 test dataset. The experimental results show the advantages of the model proposed in this paper.     

Investigation of the annealing texture evolution in hafnium

This article presents a study of the evolution of the annealing texture in hafnium, as measured by electron backscattering diffraction patterns (EBSPs). It was found that the annealing texture of asreceived extruded rod depended on the annealing temperature. After low-temperature recrystallization, the deformation axis was parallel to or and the basal planes were approximately parallel to the deformation axis. These orientations were deduced by the position of the points in the standard stereographic triangle used to produce the inverse pole figure. As the annealing temperature was raised to 1700 °C, the direction parallel to the rolling direction changed to and the grain size increased. It appeared that the increase in grain size occurred by a process of abnormal grain growth, and this abnormal grain growth appeared to be the cause of the change in the texture. Texture was also examined in samples that had been warm rolled to thickness reductions between 10 and 90 pct and then annealed at 1700 °C. In these samples, the main feature of the texture was that the basal plane became parallel to the rolling plane as the amount of rolling increased. The maximum grain size was observed in samples that had been rolled to a reduction in thickness of 50 pct.