模具对振动注射成型制件作用效应的初步研究

采用自制的振动试验台，分别安装两个不同的试样模具，使用了不同的聚合物材料，在不同的温度，压力下变化不同的振动频率和振幅进行实验，研究了聚合物熔体在振动场中注射成型时，成型模具对聚合物振动成型效应的作用。结果表明，模具浇口及型腔尺寸不同。振动注射制件的强度不同；模具型腔尺寸大振动产生的效应弱。型腔小振动产生的效应强。     

A novel cyclodextrin-derived tellurium compound with glutathione peroxidase activity

A novel dicyclodextrinyl ditelluride (2-TeCD) compound was devised as a functional mimic of the glutathione peroxidase (GPX) enzymes that normally remove hydroperoxides from the cell. The GPX activity of the mimic was found to be 46.7 U microM(-1), which is 46 times as active as Ebselen, a well-known GPX mimic. A detailed steady-state kinetic study was undertaken to probe the reason for the high catalytic efficiency of 2-TeCD. This high efficiency can be explained based on both the binding of the substrate to the cyclodextrin and the catalytic mechanism of 2-TeCD, which is different from that of diselenide compounds. 2-TeCD exhibits good water solubility and is chemically and biologically stable. The biological effect of 2-TeCD was evaluated by its ability to protect mitochondria from oxidative damage. 2-TeCD exhibited excellent antioxidant capacity in comparison with Ebselen.     

蒽醌法生产过氧化氢研究进展

过氧化氢是一种重要的无机化工产品，在工业上有着广泛的应用。而蒽醌法以其相对成熟的工艺成为当今世界过氧化氢的主要生产方法。综述了近些年来蒽醌法生产过氧化氢在工作液、氢化催化剂、氧化过程等方面的进展情况，并对其发展方向作一展望。     

聚氨酯软泡压陷性能的测试

介绍了软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料压陷性能的测试标准，不同厚度样品的压陷硬度测试值的差异，采用50%压缩负荷估计压陷硬度的简易测试方法，以及压陷性能测试的影响因素，并对测试聚氨酯软泡压陷性能的国家标准与国外标准的差别进行了比较。     

纤维素LiCl/DMAc体系的溶液特征

本文研究了纤维素LiCl／DMAc体系的溶液特征。实验结果证明该体系具有良好的时间稳定性和热稳定性，能在常温下近30天内没有明显的粘度降低；在100℃高温下，4h不降解。同时测定了溶液的特性粘数和Huggins常数，Huggins常数在0．4～0．6之间，对比纤维素的铜乙二胺（Cuen）溶液，发现特性粘数[η]LICI/DMAc＞[η]Cuen，无扰尺寸ALiCi／DMAc＞ACuen，可见在LiCl／DMAc体系中，溶剂与纤维素分子表现出更强的相互作用力，分子链充分伸展。该体系的特性粘数、粘度常数不仅与温度、溶剂有关，而且是LiCl浓度的函数，具有与聚电解质溶液相类似的性质。这可能是因为纤维素分子链上的H质子和溶液中的Cl-离子相互作用，而使纤维素分子带上部分电荷，相互排斥而引起的。因此利用M－H方程测分子量，粘度常数的确立必须考虑诸多因素的影响，否则会导致分子量的高估。     

Hydrothermal synthesis of flaky crystallized La2Ti2O7 for producing hydrogen from photocatalytic water splitting

Flaky monoclinic La₂Ti₂O₇ was prepared via a hydrothermal method based on the reaction of Ti(SO₄)₂ and La(NO₃)₃. Relative to the solid-state reaction sample, the flaky La₂Ti₂O₇ showed higher surface areas, much smaller crystal size and more efficient light absorption. All these factors led to the higher photoactivity to produce H₂ from water splitting under UV irradiation.     

水热法制备纳米尖晶石型NiFe_2O_4及表征

分别采用水热法、共沉淀法合成了纳米尖晶石型铁氧体—NiFe2O4晶体,对两种方法所合成的样品进行了比较,分析了不同合成方法的优缺点,确定水热法为比较适宜的合成该类复合氧化物的方法,该法合成的NiFe2O4晶体的平均粒径仅为15.9nm,且粒度分布十分均匀。此外,通过对实验结果的测定与分析探讨了影响水热制备的几种可能的因素,确定了水热合成的适宜的沉淀剂为NaOH溶液,水热合成适宜的温度为200℃。     

Electrochemical performance of nanocrystalline Li3V2(PO4)3/carbon composite material synthesized by a novel sol–gel method

A novel sol–gel method based on V₂O₅·nH₂O hydro-gel was developed to synthesize nanocrystalline Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃/carbon composite material. In this route, V₂O₅·nH₂O hydro-gel, NH₄H₂PO₄, Li₂CO₃ and high-surface-area carbon were used as starting materials to prepare precursor, and the Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃/carbon was obtained by sintering precursor at 750 °C for 4 h in flowing argon. The sol–gel synthesis ensures homogeneity of the precursors and improved reactivity. The sample was characterized by XRD, SEM and TEM. X-ray diffraction results show Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ sample is monoclinic structure with the space group of P2₁/n. The TEM image indicates that the Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ particles modified by conductive carbon are about 70 nm in diameter. The Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃/carbon system showed that the discharge capacities in the first and 50th cycle are about 155.3 and 143.6 mAh/g, respectively, in the range of 3.0–4.8 V. The sol–gel method is fit for the preparation of Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃/carbon composite material which may offer some favorable properties for commercial application.     

AFM study of crystallization and melting of a poly(ethylene oxide) diblock copolymer containing a tablet-like block of poly{2,5-bis[(4-methoxyphenyl)oxycarbonyl]styrene} in ultrathin films

Crystallization and melting of a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) diblock copolymer containing a tablet-like block of poly{2,5-bis[(4-methoxyphenyl)oxycarbonyl]styrene} (PMPCS) in ultrathin films have been studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM) coupled with a hot stage. The PEO and PMPCS block possess the number-average molecular weights (M_n) of 5300 and 2100 g/mol, respectively. The ultrathin films on the mica and glow-discharged carbon surfaces were obtained by static dilute solution casting at room temperature. Isothermal melt crystallization from ultrathin films always leads to flat-on lamellae. Selective area electron diffraction (SAED) experiments have demonstrated that the PEO blocks crystallize with a monoclinic structure identical to that of homo-PEO and the chain direction is perpendicular to the substrate. At T_c<44 °C, the monolayer crystals are dendrites. At T_c>48 °C, square-shaped crystals are formed with the (100) and (020) planes as the crystal edges. At 44 °C≤T_c≤48 °C, an intermediate monolayer morphology is observed. The monolayer thickness increases monotonically with increasing T_c. At the same T_c, the monolayer lamellae with the top and bottom amorphous layers contacting with the atmosphere and the substrate possess a significantly larger overall thickness than the long period of the crystals in bulk. For the spiral terraces induced by screw dislocation, the thickness of each terrace is close to that of the monolayer formed at the same T_c, and their melting is mainly determined by the terrace thickness.     

农药对陆生生物的生态风险评估研究进展

分别从农药登记管理法规及资料要求、效应评估及暴露评估几个方面综述了美国、欧盟及我国在农药陆生生态风险评估方面的研究进展,旨在为我国农药陆生生物风险评估技术体系的进一步完善提供科学参考,为我国的农药登记管理提供有益借鉴。