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71.
European Journal of Wood and Wood Products - Basalt fabric with manufacturer-made silane sizing was additionally treated by propane-butane enriched atmospheric pressure nitrogen plasma for 15 and...  相似文献   
72.
Fish mycobacteriosis should be considered as one possible means of transmission of mycobacterial infections to humans. In our study, we examined the survival of three field Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (MAH) isolates in fish meat during thermal processing technologies using culture and quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) methods. Minced carp meat mixture was artificially contaminated with known amount of MAH cells and survival and absolute numbers of MAH was monitored after hot smoking and frying. The viability of MAH was significantly lower after the frying process, whereas in response to hot smoking viable MAH cells could still be cultured even after 10 min at 70 °C. Significant differences in thermal stability were also observed among the three different MAH isolates. The human isolate was the most resistant, whereas the environmental isolate was the least resistant, which is probably due to host adaptability. In this work we confirmed that MAH can survive temperatures of 70 °C and thus can pose a risk to consumers.  相似文献   
73.
The effect of the amount of platinum and the type of the carrier on the selectivity for competitive hydrogenation of 2-methyl-3-butene-2-ol and hex-l-ene in methanol on platinum carrier catalysts has been studied. The effect of the type of the active component and carrier on the selectivity for competitive hydrogenation of 2-methyl-3-butene-2-ol and 2-phenylpropene in methanol and cyclohexane on various types of catalyst has also been investigated. Selectivity decreased with increasing amounts of platinum on the carrier and also with decreasing polarity of the carrier. The change in selectivity was greatest for a change in the active (metal) component of the catalysts; being in most cases several times higher in cyclohexane compared with methanol.  相似文献   
74.
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are the most advanced nonviral modality for nucleic acid (NA) delivery, and have recently gained enormous attention in the fields of RNA therapeutics and vaccine development. Here, ionizable adamantane-based lipidoids named XMaNs, which circumvent the usual need for laborious optimization of LNP components for highly diverse types of NAs, are described. The non-toxic XMaN6 lipidoid is highly versatile in entrapment and delivery of siRNA, mRNA, plasmid DNA, and a cyclic dinucleotide. XMaN6-based LNPs efficiently deliver: 1) siRNA into human primary hepatocytes and cell lines that are hard-to-transfect; 2) mRNA into mouse liver; 3) plasmid DNA; 4) 2′,3′-cGAMP into cells and activated the cGAS-STING pathway three orders of magnitude more efficiently than 2′,3′-cGAMP alone. To our knowledge, such universality in delivering different NA types has not been previously described and can accelerate translation of LNPs into the clinic.  相似文献   
75.
A switchable material with a smart antimicrobial dual‐action functionality, which is based on a highly stretchable silicon polymer gradiently doped with polyyrrole, is proposed. The material exhibits superhydrophobic and self‐cleaning properties, high aerophilicity as well as the possibility of smart, electrically triggerable release of an incorporated drug. During the immersion of the material in water, an air gap is formed on its surface which prevents a formation of biofouling, attachment of microorganisms, and burst release of the incorporated drug. An application of external electric field switches the surface properties from the superhydrophobic to highly hydrophilic state that enables a wetting of the material surface and electrically triggered release of a loaded drug. After the electric field switching off and sample drying, the material surface returns to its intrinsic superhydrophobic state with the original self‐cleaning properties so that the material surface can be simply cleaned, removing the bacteria. High flexibility and stretchability are additional favorable properties of the proposed smart antimicrobial material, making it a suitable candidate for a range of medical and related applications.  相似文献   
76.
The paper describes a corpus of texts produced by non-native speakers of Czech. We discuss its annotation scheme, consisting of three interlinked tiers, designed to handle a wide range of error types present in the input. Each tier corrects different types of errors; links between the tiers allow capturing errors in word order and complex discontinuous expressions. Errors are not only corrected, but also classified. The annotation scheme is tested on a data set including approx. 175,000 words with fair inter-annotator agreement results. We also explore the possibility of applying automated linguistic annotation tools (taggers, spell checkers and grammar checkers) to the learner text to support or even substitute manual annotation.  相似文献   
77.
78.
(1) Background: empagliflozin, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor, is an effective antidiabetic agent with strong cardio- and nephroprotective properties. The mechanisms behind its cardio- and nephroprotection are still not fully clarified. (2) Methods: we used male hereditary hypertriglyceridemic (hHTG) rats, a non-obese model of dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction fed standard diet with or without empagliflozin for six weeks to explore the molecular mechanisms of empagliflozin effects. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics; quantitative PCR of relevant genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism, or senescence; glucose and palmitic acid oxidation in isolated tissues and cell lines of adipocytes and hepatocytes were used. (3) Results: empagliflozin inhibited weight gain and decreased adipose tissue weight, fasting blood glucose, and triglycerides and increased HDL-cholesterol. It also improved insulin sensitivity in white fat. NMR spectroscopy identified higher plasma concentrations of ketone bodies, ketogenic amino acid leucine and decreased levels of pyruvate and alanine. In the liver, adipose tissue and kidney, empagliflozin up-regulated expression of genes involved in gluconeogenesis and down-regulated expression of genes involved in lipogenesis along with reduction of markers of inflammation, oxidative stress and cell senescence. (4) Conclusion: multiple positive effects of empagliflozin, including reduced cell senescence and oxidative stress, could contribute to its long-term cardio- and nephroprotective actions.  相似文献   
79.
Spinal cord injury is a devastating medical condition with no effective treatment. One approach to SCI treatment may be provided by stem cells (SCs). Studies have mainly focused on the transplantation of exogenous SCs, but the induction of endogenous SCs has also been considered as an alternative. While the differentiation potential of neural stem cells in the brain neurogenic regions has been known for decades, there are ongoing debates regarding the multipotent differentiation potential of the ependymal cells of the central canal in the spinal cord (SCECs). Following spinal cord insult, SCECs start to proliferate and differentiate mostly into astrocytes and partly into oligodendrocytes, but not into neurons. However, there are several approaches concerning how to increase neurogenesis in the injured spinal cord, which are discussed in this review. The potential treatment approaches include drug administration, the reduction of neuroinflammation, neuromodulation with physical factors and in vivo reprogramming.  相似文献   
80.
Membrane-potential-dependent accumulation of diS-C3(3) in intact yeast cells in suspension is accompanied by a red shift of the maximum of its fluorescence emission spectrum, λmax, caused by a readily reversible probe binding to cell constituents. Membrane depolarization by external KCl (with or without valinomycin) or by ionophores causes a fast and reproducible blue shift. As the potential-reporting parameter, the λmax shift is less affected by probe binding to cuvette walls and possible photobleaching than, for example, fluorescence intensity. The magnitude of the potential-dependent red λmax shift depends on relative cell-to-probe concentration ratio, a maximum shift (572→582 nm) being found in very thick suspensions and in cell lysates. The potential therefore has to be assessed at reasonably low cell (≤5×106 cells/ml) and probe (10−7 M) concentrations at which a clearly defined relationship exists between the λmax shift and the potential-dependent accumulation of the dye in the cells. The redistribution of the probe between the medium and yeast protoplasts takes about 5 min, but in intact cells it takes 10–30 min because the cell wall acts as a barrier, hampering probe penetration into the cells. The barrier properties of the cell wall correlate with its thickness: cells grown in 0·2% glucose (cell wall thickness 0·175±0·015 μm, n=30) are stained much faster and the λmax is more red-shifted than in cells grown in 2% glucose (cell wall thickness 0·260±0·043 μm, n=44). At a suitable cell and probe concentration and under standard conditions, the λmax shift of diS-C3(3) fluorescence provides reliable information on even fast changes in membrane potential in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
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