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61.
Adhesive interactions between leukocytes and endothelium are required for subsequent leukocyte extravasation toward inflammatory sites. Understanding the possible kinetic expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in the middle ear cavity during an inflammatory cascade in vivo may be important for clarifying local immunological responses in otitis media. Two inflammatory models were produced in the rat and involved acute middle ear mucosal and cutaneous inflammation induced after inoculation or intradermal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After intravenous injection of both 125I-labeled anti-VCAM-1 and 131I-labeled control monoclonal antibody (mAb), the kinetic expression of VCAM-1 in the middle ear and skin was assessed by local radionuclide uptake. The biodistribution of an 125I-labeled anti-VCAM-1 mAb as a potential detector of focal inflammation was examined in normal rats. Both inflammatory lesions were characterized by early and sustained (up to 24 h) expression of VCAM-1, with maximal expression at 4 h after LPS stimulation. The kinetics of VCAM-1 expression was similar among the middle ear mucosa or skin specimens studied and different stimulation methods. A similar biodistribution and clearance of radioactivity between 125I-labeled anti-VCAM-1 mAb and 131I- or 99mTc-labeled control mAb were observed. The present result suggest that functional VCAM-1 induced by LPS is expressed in both middle ear tissue and skin lesions and may play a role in the initial stage of inflammatory response produced. Although VCAM-1 upregulation is a very early event in the inflammatory cascade, 125I-labeled anti-VCAM-1 mAb may be useful for the early detection of focal inflammation in the middle ear. 相似文献
62.
Watson M.E. Chilla J.L.A. Rocca J.J. Kim J.-W. Lile D.L. Vogt T.J. Robinson G.Y. 《Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of》1995,31(2):254-260
We report modulation saturation and time response measurements on InGaAs-InGaP MQW modulators. The measurements yield a saturation intensity of (3.7±0.1) kW/cm2 for a 0-10 V swing and switching times between 10 and 90 ns, depending on the bias voltage and incident light intensity. The observed dependence indicates that field screening due to carrier build-up is the dominant physical mechanism determining both the speed and the saturation intensity. This conclusion is supported by results of theoretical calculations 相似文献
63.
A case of clofazimine enteropathy is described. A young male received clofazimine 200 mg daily for four years. He was admitted in a pigmented, emaciated state with abdominal pain, diarrhoea and weight loss. At laparotomy his abdominal organs were stained with dark brown-black pigment due to heavy infiltration with clofazimine crystals. Despite withdrawal of clofazimine his symptoms failed to settle. He developed oedema and hypoalbuminaemia. He died following a cerebral infarction. 相似文献
64.
R R Watson 《Progress in food & nutrition science》1988,12(2):189-209
Several major physiological changes or disease states occur more frequently in alcohol abusers or prolonged high users. These include: cancer, immunosuppression, and nutritional deficiencies. They interact with potential enhancement of cancer growth or survival. Clearly alcohol abuse yielding cirrhosis is associated with immunosuppression of cellular immune functions. Severe, prolonged ethanol consumption frequently is associated with one or more nutrient deficiency. Such deficiencies are more common when there are other major problems such as liver or pancreas damage and in prolonged alcohol abusers should influence the host defenses against pathogens and tumors. The amount and frequency of nutritional and immunological deficiencies with "binge" or less severe alcohol abuse is less clear, but animal studies suggest they are frequently present. Clearly, nutrient deficiencies are common in alcohol abusers and could play significant roles in ethanol associated problems including immunosuppression. Data summarized suggest that immunosuppression caused by nutritional deficiencies and/or direct effects of ethanol and its' metabolites on lymphoid cells is a potential component of cancer in alcohol abusers. However the frequent occurrence of nutritional deficiencies, immunosuppression, and certain cancers in severe, prolonged ethanol abusers is an association, not proven cause and effect. 相似文献
65.
Ann-Kathrin Eichelmann George C. Mayne Karen Chiam Steven L. Due Isabell Bastian Frederike Butz Tingting Wang Pamela J. Sykes Nicholas J. Clemons David S. Liu Michael Z. Michael Christos S. Karapetis Richard Hummel David I. Watson Damian J. Hussey 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(11)
TP53 gene mutations occur in 70% of oesophageal adenocarcinomas (OACs). Given the central role of p53 in controlling cellular response to therapy we investigated the role of mutant (mut-) p53 and SLC7A11 in a CRISPR-mediated JH-EsoAd1 TP53 knockout model. Response to 2 Gy irradiation, cisplatin, 5-FU, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, and endoxifen was assessed, followed by a TaqMan OpenArray qPCR screening for differences in miRNA expression. Knockout of mut-p53 resulted in increased chemo- and radioresistance (2 Gy survival fraction: 38% vs. 56%, p < 0.0001) and in altered miRNA expression levels. Target mRNA pathways analyses indicated several potential mechanisms of treatment resistance. SLC7A11 knockdown restored radiosensitivity (2 Gy SF: 46% vs. 73%; p = 0.0239), possibly via enhanced sensitivity to oxidative stress. Pathway analysis of the mRNA targets of differentially expressed miRNAs indicated potential involvement in several pathways associated with apoptosis, ribosomes, and p53 signaling pathways. The data suggest that mut-p53 in JH-EsoAd1, despite being classified as non-functional, has some function related to radio- and chemoresistance. The results also highlight the important role of SLC7A11 in cancer metabolism and redox balance and the influence of p53 on these processes. Inhibition of the SLC7A11-glutathione axis may represent a promising approach to overcome resistance associated with mut-p53. 相似文献
66.
Fiona J. Stevens McFadden Barry J. Welch Pual C. Austin 《JOM Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society》2006,58(2):42-47
This paper investigates the application of multivariable model-based control to improve the regulatory control of electrolyte
temperature, aluminum fluoride concentration, liquidus temperature, superheat, and electrolyte height. Also examined are therappropriateness
of different control structures and the possible inclusion of recently developed sensors for alumina concentration and individual
cell duct flowrate, temperature, and heat loss. For the smelter in this study, the maximum improvement possible with a multivariable
model-based controller is predicted to be 30–40% reduction in standard deviation in electrolyte temperature, aluminum fluoride
concentration, liquidus temperature, and superheat, and around half this for electrolyte height. Three control structures
were found to be appropriate; all are different than the existing control structure, which was found to be suboptimal. Linear
Quadratic Gaussian controllers were designed for each control structure and their predicted performance compared.
Comalco Research. 相似文献
67.
Soil incubation studies were undertaken in controlled environment cabinets at 15°C to investigate the effect of increasing application rates of calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) on net nitrification in two grassland soils. Granular CAN was applied to the surface of freshly collected, moist soil, at a rate equivalent to 0, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1600µg NH
4
+
-N and NO
3
-
-N per gram of oven dry soil. In half the treatments finely ground CaCO3 was incorporated into the moist soil to raise the starting pH. Changes in soil mineral N and pH were measured at weekly intervals up to six-weeks. The most probable number (MPN) technique was used to enumerate the NH
4
+
-N and NO
2
-
-N oxidizers at the beginning and end of the incubation.At low rates of CAN application there was considerable NH
4
+
-N oxidation to NO
3
-
-N during the incubation of both soils. Lime stimulated this N transformation. At high application rates (i.e. 800 and 1600 ppm) there was little change in NH
4
+
-N or NO
3
-
-N on either soil during the 6 week incubation, in the presence or absence of lime. The rate of NO
3
-
-N produced peaked at 5.6 and 3.8 mg NO
3
-
-N kg–1 d–1 on soil 1 and 2 respectively, in the presence of lime. Above a level of 400 ppm CAN (equivalent to 38 kg N ha–1) the rate of NO
3
-
-N produced decreased. The higher rate of net nitrification in soil 1 compared with soil 2 was probably due to a higher number of nitrifying bacteria. Although high rates of CAN decreased the nitrifying activity of both soils there was little difference between treatments in the actual numbers of NH
4
+
-N and NO
2
-
-N oxidizers determined by the MPN technique.The results showed that the rate of granular CAN applied to the soil surface can influence the local activity of nitrifying bacteria and subsequent N transformations. At application rates of CAN generally used agriculturally for grass production, it is likely that net nitrification of the NH
4
+
-N in the fertilizer granule will be inhibited. 相似文献
68.
Hua Song Lingzhi Zhang Rick B. Watson Drew Braden Umit S. Ozkan 《Catalysis Today》2007,129(3-4):346-354
The catalytic performance of cobalt catalysts supported on γ-Al2O3, TiO2, ZrO2 were studied for bio-ethanol steam reforming (BESR) reaction. The supported catalysts (10 wt%Co) were prepared by impregnation and characterized through Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), H2 chemisorption, laser Raman Spectroscopy, Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS), and temperature-programmed reaction (TPRxn). The metallic cobalt sites were found to correlate with the BESR reaction activity. The reaction and H2 chemisorption showed that ZrO2 supported catalyst showed the best dispersion and best catalytic activity. Over the 10% Co/ZrO2 catalyst, using a H2O:EtOH:inert molar ratio of 10:1:75 and a GHSV = 5000 h−1, 100% ethanol conversion and a yield of 5.5 mol H2/mol EtOH were obtained at 550 °C and atmospheric pressure. 相似文献
69.
Complex eScience and other sophisticated applications in the field of HPC imply new demands that queuing based resource management systems cannot meet. To guarantee Quality of Service and co-allocation in the Grid, planning based resource management systems implementing advance reservation are needed. These systems face new challenges as a planning based management system has to keep track of the jobs and reservations in the future. Additionally, during the negotiation process of incoming reservations, a good overview of the remaining, not-yet reserved capacity is needed—not only for the current allocation, but also for the whole book-ahead time. Therefore, the resource management problem becomes a two dimensional problem for advance reservations in this field. In this paper different data structures are investigated and discussed in order to fit to planning based resource management. As a result the benefits of using lists of resource allocation or free blocks are exposed. This general idea widely used to manage continuous resources is extended to cover not only the resource dimension but also the time dimension. The list of blocks approach is evaluated in a Grid level and a local resource management system for a computing cluster. The extensive simulations showed a better runtime and higher reservation success rate compared with the currently favored approach of a slotted time and the more sophisticated approach based on AVL trees. 相似文献
70.
Catherine J. Watson 《Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems》1990,24(1):1-10
Urea can be an inefficient N source due to rapid hydrolysis by soil urease leading to NH3 volatilization. The current study investigated the effect of the urease inhibitor phenylphosphorodiamidate (PPD) incorporated at two concentrations (0.5% and 1% w/w) within the fertilizer granule on NH3 volatilization from surface applied urea. The daily rates of NH3 loss from 20 soils of widely differing properties from Northern Ireland were measured over 14 days using ventilated enclosures under simulated spring conditions. Cumulative loss rates were calculated and fitted to a logistic model from which total NH3 loss (Amax) and the time to maximum rate of loss (Tmax) were determined. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis related the effectiveness of PPD in reducing NH3 volatilization from urea to soil properties.The total cumulative loss of ammonia from unamended urea varied from 0.37 to 29.2% depending on soil type. Ammonia volatilization appeared to be greatest on a soil with a high pH (R2 = 0.65), a low titratable acidity (TA) (R2 = 0.63) and a soil that was drying out (R2 = 0.50). Soil pH was negatively correlated with TA (r = –0.826, P < 0.001) suggesting that soils with a low TA may have received recent lime. Including cation exchange capacity (CEC) and % N as well as pH-KCl in the multiple linear regression equation explained 86% of the variance.The effectiveness of PPD in reducing Amax varied between 0% to 91% depending on soil type, the average over all 20 soils being 30 and 36% for 0.5% and 1% PPD respectively. The most important soil properties influencing the effectiveness of the urease inhibitor were soil pH-H2O and TA accounting for 33% and 29% of the variance respectively. PPD was less effective on a soil with a high pH and low TA. These were the soil conditions that led to high NH3 volatilization from unamended urea and may explain why PPD had limited success in reducing ammonia loss on these soils. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that 75% of the variation in the % inhibition of NH3 loss by PPD could be significantly accounted for by pH-H2O, initial soil NO
3
-
-N concentration, % moisture content and % moisture loss.The delay in Tmax by PPD ranged from 0.19 to 7.93 days, the average over all 20 soils being 2.5 and 2.8 days for 0.5% and 1% PPD respectively. TA, % moisture content, urease activity and CEC were soil properties that significantly explained 83% of the variation in the % delay in Tmax by PPD in multiple linear regression analysis. However, none of these soil properties were significant on their own. As urea hydrolysis occurs rapidly in soil, delaying Tmax under field conditions would increase the chance of rain falling to move the urea below the soil surface and reduce NH3 volatilization. A urease inhibitor should be more effective than PPD on soils with a high pH and low TA to be successful in reducing high NH3 losses. 相似文献