Vertical ground coupled steam ejector heat pump; thermal-economic modeling and optimization

A vertical ground coupled steam ejector heat pump is a Ground Coupled Heat Pump (GCHP) with closed Vertical Ground Heat eXchanger (VGHX) which utilizes the steam ejector type of refrigeration cycle instead of the vapor-compression type.This paper presents the modeling and optimizing a Ground-Coupled Steam Ejector Heat Pump (GC-SEHP) with closed VGHX. The system included two main sections of VGHX and steam ejector heat pump (SEHP), and was optimized by minimizing its total annual cost (TAC) as the objective function. Two optimization techniques (Nelder–Mead and Genetic Algorithm) were applied to guarantee the validity of optimization results.For the given heating/cooling loads as well as for various climatic conditions, the optimum design parameters of GC-SEHP with closed VGHX were predicted.Furthermore, the changes in TAC and optimum design parameters with the climatic conditions, cooling/heating capacity, soil type, and number of boreholes were discussed.     

Development of an accurate finite element model for N-layer MR-laminated beams using a layerwise theory

Laminated composite beams incorporated with magneto-rheological fluid are being used in variety of critical applications. An N-layer magneto-rheological-laminated beam based on layerwise theory has been developed to study the dynamic characteristics. For simulation purpose, an MR-laminated beam with five layers is considered in which two layers filled with magneto-rheological and three layers are made of composite materials. The results of simulations are compared with existing layerwise, first-order shear-deformation theory and experimental tests where it shows the accuracy and functionality of the present model. The complex shear modulus of magneto-rheological fluid has been determined using ASTM E756-98 standard test.