Influence of the method of synthesis on properties of cadmium telluride films synthesized in highly nonequilibrium conditions

The results of comparative studies of electrical and galvanomagnetic properties of cadmium telluride films are reported. The films were synthesized under highly nonequilibrium conditions by the methods of a thermal screen and a quasi-closed volume. The temperature dependences of the conductivity, Hall coefficient, and effective Hall mobility are reported. As a result of experimental data, it is concluded that the method of a thermal screen favorably affects the stoichiometry of the composition and, thus, is conducive to obtaining films with a lower concentration of defects.     

Nucleation and (Zn1 ? xCdxTe)1 ? y(In2Te3)y/ZnSe heteroboundary formation in elasticity field under strongly nonequilibrium conditions

Results of electron-microscopic, electron-diffraction, and X-ray-phase studies of the heteroboundary between the layers of zinc selenide and solid solution (Zn_{1 −x} Cd _x Te)_{1 − y} (In₂Te₃) _y obtained in synthesis from the vapor phase in an elasticity field under strongly nonequilibrium conditions (upon condensation on the cooled substrate) are presented. Mechanisms of nucleation (via spinodal decay) and ordering (due to propagation of elastic waves) are determined. It is demonstrated that high wave propagation velocity and the absence of diffusion provides fast orientation of nuclei of the new phase and high perfection of the crystalline layer of the solid solution. Original Russian Text ? A.P. Belyaev, V.P. Rubets, V.V. Antipov, Kh.A. Toshkhodzhaev, 2009, published in Neorganicheskie Materialy, 2009, Vol. 45, No. 4, pp. 404–407.     

State of Radiorhodium in High-Level Liquid Waste from Regeneration of Spent Nuclear Fuel

The state of radiorhodium in liquid waste from processing of spent nuclear fuel was analyzed in detail by ESR and NMR spectroscopy on several nuclei. The most probable oxidation state of rhodium in nitric acid solutions is +3. Three procedures for preparing nitric acid solutions of rhodium were studied. The composition of Rh(III) complexes in these solutions is similar but not identical. The method for identifying the ionic composition of similar objects was proposed. The speciation of rhodium in nitric acid solutions with the acid concentration ranging from 2×10^{- 2} to 15 M was studied. Polynuclear oligomers with (-ONO₂)₂ bridges, mainly tetramers, are formed in solutions with CRh > 2 M, [NO₃ ^-] 8 M, and [H⁺] 0.7 M. At CRh = (1-2)×10^{- 2}, [NO₃ ^-] = 1-4 M, and [H⁺] = 0.4-4 M, the (-OH, -ONO₂) dimer and trimer prevail; at [NO₃ ^-] < 1 M and [H⁺] < 0.2 M, the (-OH, -ONO₂) dimer dominates. No Rh(III) aqua ion and no monomeric nitrate complexes were detected in the quasiequilibrium system at any concentrations of the components. In nitrate-nitrite solutions, both subnitrated (-OH, -ONO₂) Rh(III) oligomers and mononuclear Rh(III) nitroaqua complexes exist. The equilibrium between these species is attained very slowly and depends on the equilibrium concentration of nitrite anion. Forecast was given on isolation of rhodium from nitric acid solutions of SNF by extraction, ion-exchange, electrolytic, and precipitation procedures.     

Parameters on the LC alignment of organosilicon compound films

Abstract— The aligning properties of a set of organosilicon compounds (OSC) were examined. The aligning films of the OSC were obtained. Pretilt angles and the polar and azimuthal anchoring energy of the LC materials on the OSC films were measured by optical and voltage‐capacity methods. The influence of both OSC and LC molecular structure on the results obtained was analyzed and discussed.     

Neuro‐filters used to enhance the image quality of video displays

Abstract— Digital images can be affected by external factors. There are many types of noise which affect digital images. Image filtration is a basic method used to suppress such hindrances. The disadvantage of most filtration methods and hardware filters created on their behalf is their inability to react to changes in the input signal. The structure of the filters used for image processing is similar to the structure of a bi‐dimensional neural‐network matrix. Investigations have shown that a system with serial‐parallel filters of any degree of complexity can be created on the basis of the neural‐network matrices. Each neural‐network matrix layer acts as a separate neuro‐filter which can be trained and adapted to changes in the characteristics of the images. The neural‐network matrices allow for the creation of various types of linear and nonlinear filters, as well as combinations on the basis of a uniform structure. It allows for the design of a universal hardware neuro‐filter structure that can perform as different types of filters by means of loading the connectors weight. In our paper, we consider the realization of neuro‐filters based on a neural‐network matrix, which allows the processing of both static and moving images and increases the image sharpness, suppresses the noise, and detects movable objects in the processed image.     

The possibility of realizing a noncompensation method of measuring the radar characteristics of targets

The effect of electrodynamic interaction between the transmitting and receiving exciters of the collimator of a coherent radar measuring system on the accuracy of measurements of the radar characteristics of targets is estimated. The possibility of improving the decoupling between the exciterss by using radio-absorbing materials is investigated.Translated from Izmeritelnaya Tekhnika, No. 10, pp. 43–46, October, 2004.     

Investigation of oxidation and segregation processes at the surface of titanium nickelide

The chemical composition of the surface of the equiatomic alloy TiNi was studied using x-ray electron spectroscopy. It is shown that titanium nickelide shows a tendency toward titanium segregation at the free surface. After thermal action in vacuum and in air, the fraction of titanium atoms in the surface layer reaches 98% of the total content of titanium and nickel. Under heat treatment in air an oxidized layer forms at the surface whose main component is TiO₂. Pis’ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 25, 89–94 (July 12, 1999)