煤矸石-Ca(OH)2-H2O体系反应动力学初探

通过测定不同龄期煤矸石地酸溶出量,对不同温度热激活下的煤矸石在煤矸石-Ca(OH)2-H2O体系中的反应速率进行了研究,并在此基础上建立了煤矸石火山灰反应动力学模型.该模型表明:煤矸石的反应速率(v)主要取决于煤矸石的火山灰活性(v),值大则煤矸石的火山灰活性高,反应速率常数k值大则煤矸石的火山灰反应活性高,最后采用Ca(OH)2的吸收实验来验证本模型的正确性.     

微弧等离子喷涂碳纳米管/纳米Al2O3-TiO2复合涂层

根据"一专多能"的设计思想,研制了多功能微弧等离子喷涂系统.该系统除具有喷涂功能外,还具有焊接、切割、淬火等用途.所设计的微弧等离子喷枪采用了独特的气路结构、喷嘴结构和中心轴向送粉方式;设计的电源运用了IGBT高频逆变技术、微电脑控制技术和软开关变换技术等,具有体积小、质量轻、抗干扰强、可靠性高等特点.运用多功能微弧等离子喷涂系统制备了碳纳米管/纳米AI2O3-TiO2复合吸波涂层.结果表明,涂层厚度为1.5 mm时,碳纳米管/纳米AI2O3-TiO2复合涂层的吸波能力最佳,最小反射率为-22.14 dB,小于-10 dB的频带宽为4.00 GHz.     

P(NIPAM-co-MAPOSS)共聚物的合成与性能

以N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(N-isopropylacrylamide)和甲基丙烯酸甲酯基笼状低聚倍半硅氧烷(MAPOSS)为原料,通过自由基聚合制备了P(NIPAM-co-MAPOSS)共聚物。用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振(1H NMR)对共聚物的结构进行了表征。用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了P(NIPAM-co-MAPOSS)共聚物水溶液的温敏性能,少量POSS的加入降低了PNIPAM的最低临界转变温度,考察了不同POSS含量的P(NIPAM-co-MAPOSS)共聚物的表面润湿性能,水接触角随着POSS含量的增加而增大。     

A novel germanium/carbon nanotubes nanocomposite for lithium storage material

A new nanocomposite of Ge/carbon nanotubes (n-Ge/CNTs) was reported by a facile precursor method through a pyrolysis technique. Among it, germanium nanoparticles are encapsulated with a thin layer of amorphous carbon, which benefits to keep a good electronic contact with carbon nanotubes. Germanium nanoparticles are mainly supported inside the carbon nanotubes, which can effectively buffer the volume changes of Germanium. The composite was an effectively mixed (Li⁺ and e⁻) conducting network, which is vital to a quick Li insertion. The composite was shown to exhibit a reversible capacity of about 750 mAh g⁻¹ (74.4 mA g⁻¹) and an improved rate performance, compared with that of CNTs processed as the same condition. Our results demonstrated the composite to be a good active Li-storage material for Li batteries.     

Highly Porous Zirconia Ceramic Foams with Low Thermal Conductivity from Particle‐Stabilized Foams

Zirconia ceramic foams with ultra‐high porosity of 96%–98% have been fabricated using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as the particle stabilizer of zirconia particles for the first time. The wet foams stabilized by zirconia particles are ultra‐stable due to partially hydrophobic zirconia particles modified by SDS. Zirconia foams exhibit close cells with thin cell wall and small grain size. Increasing SDS concentration favors the foamability of the suspension, and further increases the porosity of ceramic foams. Zirconia ceramic foams with porosity of 98.1% have compressive strength of 0.26 ± 0.05 MPa. Decreasing solid loading leads to the porosity of ceramic foams. The compressive strength could be improved significantly by increasing the sintering temperature. Zirconia ceramic foams with porosity of 97.9% has low thermal conductivity of 0.027 ± 0.004 W·(m·K)^?1, which could be used as thermal insulation and refractory material.     

Mass transfer simulation on pervaporation dehydration of ethanol through hollow fiber NaA zeolite membranes

A multi‐layer series‐resistance mass transfer model was developed to simulate mass transfer behaviors of water/ethanol mixture through hollow fiber NaA zeolite membranes. The mass transfer through zeolite layer was described by Maxwell‐Stefan mechanism based on adsorption and diffusion parameters obtained from molecular simulation. The mass transfer through asymmetric hollow fiber support was described by dusty gas model involving Knudsen diffusion and viscous flow. It was found that the sponge‐like layer of support besides of zeolite layer made an important contribution to overall membrane transfer resistance while the finger‐like layer had less effect. When permeate pressure shifted from 0.2 to 7.5 kPa, the mass transfer resistance contribution of sponge‐like layer varied from 27.1 to 17.8%. Effects of microstructure parameters of support on mass transfer through membrane were investigated extensively. Large pore size and thin thickness for sponge‐like layer of support were beneficial to improve water permeation flux. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 2468–2478, 2016     

国产开放式电石炉导电颚板的改进

在考察分析了国产开放式电石炉导电颚权的消耗情况后，针对其存在的问题改进了导电颚板的设计，从而提高了导电颚板的使用寿命，延长了电石炉的运行周期。     

聚氨酯/乙烯基酯树脂互穿聚合物网络结构与性能的研究

通过同步法制备了一系列聚氨酯／乙烯基酯树脂互穿聚合物（ＰＵ／ＶＥＲ－ＩＰＮ）,研究了ＰＵ／ＶＥＲＩＰＮ性能的影响因素。结果表明：随着ＰＵ含量的增加,ＩＰＮ的热稳定性能有一定程度的提高;而ＶＥＲ的含量增加,ＰＵ／ＶＥＲ－ＩＰＮ的剪切强度提高。实验还发现：当ＰＵ／ＶＥＲ－ＩＰＮ为部分相容的多相微区结构时,对增加ＩＰＮ的力学损耗更有利     

磷细菌突变株生理特性的研究

本文对经过筛选培育出的一株解磷能力较强的磷细菌突变株Ｄ０１７Ｐ的生理特性进行了研究。其中,最佳氮源为麦麸汁,与出发菌株所用马铃薯汁相比,生物量增加９．８倍,解磷能力提高７１．４％,最佳碳源为蔗糖,与出发菌株所用碳源葡萄糖比较,解磷能力提高２８．８％,金属离子,培养温度,ｐＨ,气／液比等也对突变株的生长有一定影响,其结果可作为选定工业化条件的参考。