Use of porous volcanic rocks for the adsorptive removal of copper

Low‐cost adsorbents, pumice (VPum) and scoria (VSco) were investigated for the removal of Cu(II) as function of various parameters. Batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of Cd(II) and Ni(II) on the adsorptive removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solutions. Kinetic data showed a trend of fast removal at initial stages, thereby achieving maximum adsorption after 1 h agitation. The adsorption process well explained by pseudo‐second‐order kinetics for both adsorbents. Adsorption capacity were found 1.432 and 1.015 mg/g using VPum and VSco, respectively. This work showed the promising nature of pumice and scoria to effectively remove copper from water.     

Beschichtung von dreidimensionalen Substraten mit einem magnetfeldunterstützten Mikrowellen-Plasma bei Raumtemperatur

Microwave plasmas exhibit a high electron density and energy as compared to glow discharges at direct current and high frequency (13.56 MHz). Electron cyclotron resonance is reached by magnetic fields, allowing a stable glow discharge at low pressure (～ 1 Pa) and power input. In chemical vapour deposition the magnetic fields can be used in conjunction with the gas supply to guide the plasma and the deposition. The microwave power is transmitted via a helix slow-wave structure. It is demonstrated that an effective inner coating of polyethylene bottles is possible. With amorphous Si:H-films from the deposition of SiH.₄ in Ar a highly effective diffusion barrier up to 93% for hexane/polyethylene is obtained.     

Zur Strömungssimulation in gasgerührten metallurgischen Pfannen

Zur Erfassung der Strömungsverhältnisse in Kaltmodellen bodengeblasener Stahlwerkspfannen wurden theoretische und experimentelle Untersuchungen durchgeführt. Frühere Berechnungen laminarer Strömungen, die unter stark vereinfachenden Annahmen vorgenommen wurden, zeigen nur tendenzielle Übereinstimmungen zu den mit LDA-Verfahren ermittelten Strömungsbildern. Durch die Entwicklung der Großrechneranlagen ist der Einsatz von Strömungssimulationsprogrammen möglich, mit denen auch turbulente Strömungen berechnet werden können. Der Vergleich der berechneten Geschwindigkeitsvektorfelder mit den gemessenen Vektorfeldern zeigt eine grundsätzlich übereinstimmende Darstellung der Strömungsverläufe. Jedoch werden die im Experiment an Wassermodellen beobachteten Gegenwirbel und Ablösungen der Abwärtsströmungen von der Gefäßwand rechnerisch nicht erfaßt. Nur die numerische Simulation für zähere Flüssigkeiten (Paraffinöl) zeigt eine von der Wand abgelöste Abwärtsströmung und die Ausbildung eines Gegenwirbels. Man kommt also nicht umhin, neben der mathematischen Modellierung auch praktische Versuche durchzuführen, wie man umgekehrt die physikalischen Modelle mit mathematischen begleiten sollte.     

General Description and Assessment Concept for Magnetic Field Distributions Caused by Switchgear Installations

The subject of power frequency magnetic fields has become very popular in recent years. This is mainly due to two facts: the increasing usage of display units which represent a very sensitive interference victim and the increasing public concern with respect to adverse health effects caused by those fields. Switchgear installations act as one of the prominent sources of power frequency magnetic fields and, therefore, knowledge of the fields produced by them is required in order to assess any potential effects. On the other hand, switchgear installations are often very individual ones with consequently very individual magnetic-field distributions. This basically requires an individual investigation of each installation-a procedure which, in practice, has been shown as a very involved and cost consuming one. This paper describes a basic assessment method which can be used to evaluate magnetic-field distributions around switchgear installations from a general point of view, where the emphasis is on systems with a medium voltage level. The resulting field distributions can be utilized to derive and to determine appropriate distances required between switchgear and areas under consideration in order to comply with any limits concerning people or equipment     

Live cell calcium imaging at the single ion hit facility of GSI

To study the fast intracellular calcium response after ion irradiation in living mammalian cells, a live cell calcium imaging set-up was constructed at the targeted cell irradiation facility at GSI. This work introduces the live cell calcium imaging system, shows its performance, an example of the ratio-metric calcium measurement and its application to on-line study calcium response to targeted ion irradiation in human cells.