基于信息检索课的大学生信息检索行为调查研究

信息检索课程的系统化讲授,对于大学生优化信息检索行为,提高信息检索使用效率具有不容忽视的教学辅助作用.立足问卷调查形成的一系列相关数据,探讨大学生信息检索行为存在问题,最终在课程教学中提出优化大学生信息检索的对策:明确信息检索目的,提升实施效果;有效提升检索行为实施频率,增强综合质量;使得信息获取多元发展,优化成效凸显...     

天然气加热炉的腐蚀原因及防护对策

天然气加热炉的腐蚀是一个普遍现象.本文从引起腐蚀的因素人手,详细剖析腐蚀发生的原因,提出监测和治理相结合的方法,系统地介绍了几种常用的防腐技术,包括添加缓蚀剂、使用耐腐蚀材料、界面涂层、电化学防腐及其它相关防腐技术.     

布洛芬热分解及其动力学研究

通过布洛芬(ibuprofen)的热分解及其动力学研究,运用简单的热分解动力学方法进行计算分析,求出相关的活化能,指前因子和动力学参数。将布洛芬每个温度范围下的热分解过程分为3个阶段分别进行分析计算,发现每个阶段都满足一级反应方程。从而算出布洛芬热分解过程的活化能,指前因子和相关系数。通过对布洛芬热分解过程的研究,及对布洛芬TG和DTG曲线的研究,得出布洛芬在热分解过程中分为3个阶段,分别进行脱水,C-C键断裂和分子键断裂。并且随着升温速率的提高,布洛芬失重速率会逐渐趋向于温度升高的方向发展,即温度升高,布洛芬最大失重速率越大。     

基于丙二酰胺结构不对称双子表面活性剂的合成及性能

在丙酮溶剂中,氯乙酸十六醇酯（I）与过量的二（3-二甲氨基丙基）丙二酰胺反应,用乙醚洗涤后,再与溴代十六烷季铵盐化,经丙酮-乙腈混合溶剂重结晶,得到了一种新型基于丙二酰胺结构的不对称Gemini表面活性剂（命名为16．18）,收率为51．2％（以I计）,纯度为99．6％。采用IR、1HNMR表征了结构,电导率法测定其CMC值为7．91×10^-5mol／L,滴体积法测定其YCMC为37．87mN／m,其Krafft点小于0℃,研究了其乳化、泡沫性能。     

化学合成制药综合废水的处理

本文介绍了化学合成制药废水的处理工艺、原理和运行效果,该工艺处理后的污水完全达到国家规定的污水排放标准。     

Rapid detection of epidemic strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Fifty methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) initial isolates obtained from patients hospitalized in the orthopedic clinic of the Frankfurt University Hospital and 150 methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) isolates were investigated in this study to determine whether the Slidex Staph-Kit is capable of differentiating between MRSA and MSSA owing to its unique performance characteristics. The Slidex Staph-Kit is a combined latex hemagglutination test designed to detect clumping factor, protein A, and a specific surface immunogen for S. aureus. Clumping factor-positive strains cause erythrocytes sensitized with fibrinogen to hemagglutinate, thereby resulting in visible red clumps. S. aureus strains deficient in clumping factor agglutinate latex particles sensitized with specific antibodies against surface proteins of S. aureus, thereby resulting in visible white clumps. Our results demonstrate that white clumping has a 99% specificity as well as a 98% positive predictive value for MRSA. Clumping factor-negative MRSA, which have been reported to occur in several countries, are epidemic in the Frankfurt area and account for 80% of all MRSA initial isolates in the orthopedic clinic of the Frankfurt University Hospital. Genotyping of all MRSA isolates by macrorestriction analysis of chromosomal DNA revealed that 83% of clumping factor-negative MRSA are closely related to the "southern-German" epidemic strain. This is the first study demonstrating the Slidex Staph-Kit's capability for identifying epidemic clumping factor-negative S. aureus strains as methicillin resistant even prior to antimicrobial susceptibility testing.     

Raman microprobe investigation of the calcium phosphate phases of three commercially available plasma-flame-sprayed hydroxyapatite-coated dental implants

The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the crystallographic properties of three commercially plasma-flame-sprayed hydroxyapatite (HAp) coatings on dental implants. For this purpose a Raman microprobe (MOLE U1000) was used. No preparation of the surfaces was necessary to examine the thin ceramic surface layers. Microspectra (5 µm) and macrospectra (100 µm) have been measured and compared to the spectra of crystalline and amorphous HAp as well as to the spectra of tricalciumphosphate. All implants showed spectra that were more like that of the amorphous phase of HAp than any of the other examined reference materials. However, the implant spectra exhibited an extra band that as yet has not been identified. This band is probably indicative of some structure within the sprayed amorphous phase. Such structural effects would result either directly from quenching from the plasma state or by incorporation of titanium into the lattice during plasma treatment.     

Protein kinase C regulates a vesicular class of calcium channels in the bag cell neurons of aplysia

Protein kinase C (PKC) acutely increases calcium currents in Aplysia bag cell neurons by recruiting calcium channels different from those constitutively active in the plasma membrane. To study the mechanism of PKC regulation we previously identified two calcium channel alpha1-subunits expressed in bag cell neurons. One of these, BC-alpha1A, is localized to vesicles concentrated primarily in somata and growth cones. We used antibodies to BC-alpha1A to analyze its expression in the bag cell neurons of juvenile Aplysia at a developmental stage at which PKC-sensitive calcium currents have previously been shown to be low. We find that vesicular BC-alpha1A staining is generally reduced in juvenile bag cell neurons but that its expression level can vary among juvenile animals. In 17 bag cell clusters examined, the percentage of neurons that displayed punctate alphaBC-alpha1A staining ranged from 0 to 85%. Sampling of calcium currents from cells of the same clusters by whole cell patch-clamp techniques revealed that the PKC-sensitive calcium current density is significantly correlated with the degree of vesicular staining. In contrast, no correlation of basal calcium current levels with aBC-alpha1A staining was found. These results strongly suggest that BC-alpha1A, a member of the ABE-subfamily of calcium channels, carries the PKC-sensitive calcium current in bag cell neurons. They are consistent with a model in which PKC recruits channels from the vesicular pool to the plasma membrane.     

Immune response to an intercalated enhanced inactivated polio vaccine/oral polio vaccine programme in Israel: impact on the control of poliomyelitis

A combined enhanced inactivated polio vaccine (EIPV) and oral polio vaccine (OPV) programme was introduced in Israel in 1990, with the purpose of providing a solution to the persistent polio morbidity in spite of a 30 year long OPV programme. The schedule comprised two doses of EIPV administered at the age of 2 and 4 months, intercalated with two doses of OPV at 4 and 6 months, followed by a reinforcing dose with the two vaccines simultaneously administered at 12 months. The 5-year evaluation of the programme included: the assessment of clinical suspicions of polio, early immune response in successive cohorts administered the new schedule, dynamics of the immune profile in a cohort followed up to the age of 5, and monitoring of wild poliovirus excretion in sewage specimens collected in 25 permanent sites throughout Israel as well as from the Palestinian Authority. No paralytic polio cases associated with a wild or vaccinal poliovirus strain were detected since the introduction of the programme. At the age of 4 months, one week after administration of the second EIPV and first OPV dose, 100% seropositivity and high geometric mean titres (GMTs) of neutralizing antibody (NA) to the three vaccinal and to the wild poliovirus type 1, responsible for the 1988 polio outbreak, were observed. No change in percent of seropositivity occurred between the age of 6 and 12 months. Thirty days after the IPV and OPV reinforcing doses, GMTs to each of the four poliovirus strains were > or = 3037. Up to the age of 5, the seropositivity was unchanged. After a 2.5-10-fold decline in the first year following the completion of the programme, GMTs to the three vaccinal and the wild poliovirus strain levelled off at rather high values, considered protective. Between 1990 and 1995, 16 wild poliovirus type 1 strains were isolated in three separate episodes in Gaza Strip sewage and once only in one Israeli site very close to Gaza City. The rapidly established, high and persistent NA titre to the vaccinal and wild poliovirus strains and the presence of immunological memory are indicative of high individual protection throughout the first 5 years of life. The only one-time introduction, without circulation, of a wild poliovirus strain in a single Israeli settlement suggests community protection. The intercalated programme offers a contribution to polio eradication by providing a solution to the primary and secondary failure associated with OPV, as well as to the control of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis.