Great globe thistle fruit (Echinops sphaerocephalus L.), a potential new oil crop

New plant oil crops are desirable as renewable resources for energy, for food purposes, and as building blocks in chemical synthesis. Fruit oil of Echinops sphaerocephalus was characterized by a high content of linoleic acid (over 70% of total fatty acids) and by a high tocopherol content (530–970 mg/kg oil). The majority was α‐tocopherol. Echinops sphaerocephalus plants may be cultivated in agricultural dimensions, and fruits may be obtained by a combine harvester. Echinops quinoline alkaloids present a useful by‐product of the oil production.     

Post-translational GPI lipid anchor modification of proteins in kingdoms of life: analysis of protein sequence data from complete genomes

To investigate the occurrence of glycosylphosphatidylinositol(GPI) lipid anchor modification in various taxonomic ranges,potential substrate proteins have been searched for in completelysequenced genomes. We applied the big-     

Shear capacity of steel plate girders with large web openings, Part I: Modeling and simulations

Numerical simulations are carried out in order to provide data for the development of a design model for the shear capacity of steel girders with web openings, with and without transverse stiffeners and opening reinforcements. The numerical model is designed such that the girder is in a state of pure shear at the opening center. Results are presented in terms of ultimate shear capacity and distribution of transverse web deformations and von Mises stresses. Based on the numerical data, a design model is presented that accounts for the reduction in web shear area, shear buckling of the web and the effect of opening position, vertical stiffeners and opening reinforcements.     

Verbesserte Einsatzmöglichkeiten des 4-Methoxybenzylrestes als 2′-OH-Schutz bei Ribonucleotidsynthesen durch TFA-Acidolyse

An Improved Method for the Application of the 4-Methoxybenzyl Group to Protect the 2′-Hydroxyl Group in the Ribonucleotide Synthesis by TFA-acidolysis The cleavage of the 4-methoxybenzyl group from the 2′-OH-position of ribonucleosides by the hydrogenation with different Pd-catalysts as well as trifluoracetic acid has been studied in detail. During hydrogenation, side reactions at the base residue of cytidine-occurred which, however, could be extensively suppressed by PdCl₂ catalysis. More practicable results were obtained with trifluoracetic acid in the presence of cation scavengers, allowing smoothly to convert a series of 2′-methoxybenzyl ribonucleotides to the homogeneous deprotection products.     

The Monumentenwacht model for preventive conservation of built heritage: A case study of Monumentenwacht Vlaanderen in Belgium

Monumentenwacht (Monument Watch) is an organization that specializes in the periodic inspection of built heritage to raise awareness among owners and caretakers of the importance of proper maintenance and preventive conservation. It originated in the Netherlands in 1973. It was later established in Belgium, Germany, the UK, Denmark, Hungary, Italy, Slovak, Spain, France, and Portugal in the form of similar organizations and projects with similar aims. The organization promotes the idea of “prevention is better than cure” by offering periodic inspection, monitoring, and minor urgent repair and writing independent professional inspection reports as a reference for owners and users for further maintenance and conservation activities. This study explores the working mode of Monumentenwacht in Flanders, Belgium, including its historical development, organizational structure, inspection team configuration, professional inspection report, database, reporting system, and technical manuals. A brief analysis of other similar organizations and projects in various European countries is included to reveal efficient ways to promote this model while respecting different cultural, economic, social, legal, and political contexts.     

有机酸在质子交换膜燃料电池中的电化学加氢

利用质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)反应器,研究了有机酸——丙烯酸、巴豆酸、丁炔二酸和马来酸的电化学加氢。实验表明,几种有机酸能够在阴极实现加氢反应,同时产生电能。以巴豆酸为例讨论了各种因素(温度、浓度、反应物流量等)对巴豆酸加氢反应的影响,并利用电化学循环伏安法研究了几种有机酸的电化学加氢行为.     

Photoaddressable Polymers for Optical Data Storage

Photoaddressable polymers (PAPs) are side‐chain copolymer systems functionalized with azobenzene chromophores and mesogenic side groups. They show very large birefringence values after illumination with polarized light. The molecular mechanisms involved are photoinduced isomerization cycles of the azo side groups, which induce strong molecular reorientations (cooperative motion of light‐absorbing azobenzene chromophores and non‐absorbing mesogenic groups). Due to the long‐term and high‐temperature stability of their light‐induced birefringence, PAPs are very promising recording materials for optical data storage applications such as high‐capacity DVDs and holographic memory.     

Neue Bifunktionelle Brückenfunktionen zur A1-B29-Verklammerung der beiden Insulinketten

Novel Bifunctional Bridging Functions for A1-B29 Crosslinking of the Two Insulin Chains The positions A1 and B29 of the insulin molecule are crosslinked by the new bifunctional groups U and V. These insulin derivatives are convertible by oxydative sulfitolysis into A1-B29 crosslinked hexa-S-sulfonates, which recombine by tributylphosphan/O₂ in high yields to the A1-B29 insulin derivatives, correctly reconstructing the disulfide system, and from which the bridging function is smoothly removable by acidolysis. The example of the bridging function U demonstrates that this principle is also suitable for the combination of both isolated single chains.