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991.
With video compression standards such as MPEG‐4, a transmission error happens in a video‐packet basis, rather than in a macroblock basis. In this context, we propose a semantic error prioritization method that determines the size of a video packet based on the importance of its contents. A video packet length is made to be short for an important area such as a facial area in order to reduce the possibility of error accumulation. To facilitate the semantic error prioritization, an efficient hardware algorithm for face tracking is proposed. The increase of hardware complexity is minimal because a motion estimation engine is efficiently re‐used for face tracking. Experimental results demonstrate that the facial area is well protected with the proposed scheme. 相似文献
992.
993.
单片机系统的动态加密技术 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
单片机系统产品的加密和解密技术永远是一个矛盾的统一体。然而 ,为了更好的保护好自己的单片机技术成果和知识产权 ,加大解密成本 ,研究新型加密技术仍是保护成果的主要手段之一。文中在讨论了传统的单片机系统加密和解密技术的基础上 ,提出一种实用而有效的动态加密技术的实现方案。 相似文献
994.
995.
J.K.J. vanDuren X. Yang J. Loos C.W.T. Bulle‐Lieuwma A.B. Sieval J.C. Hummelen R.A.J. Janssen 《Advanced functional materials》2004,14(5):425-434
The performance of bulk‐heterojunction solar cells based on a phase‐separated mixture of donor and acceptor materials is known to be critically dependent on the morphology of the active layer. Here we use a combination of techniques to resolve the morphology of spin cast films of poly(p‐phenylene vinylene)/methanofullerene blends in three dimensions on a nanometer scale and relate the results to the performance of the corresponding solar cells. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and depth profiling using dynamic time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS) clearly show that for the two materials used in this study, 1‐(3‐methoxycarbonyl)propyl‐1‐phenyl‐[6,6]‐methanofullerene (PCBM) and poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐(3′,7′‐dimethyloctyloxy)‐1,4‐phenylene vinylene] (MDMO‐PPV), phase separation is not observed up to 50 wt.‐% PCBM. Nanoscale phase separation throughout the film sets in for concentrations of more than 67 wt.‐% PCBM, to give domains of rather pure PCBM in a homogenous matrix of 50:50 wt.‐% MDMO‐PPV/PCBM. Electrical characterization, under illumination and in the dark, of the corresponding photovoltaic devices revealed a strong increase of power conversion efficiency when the phase‐separated network develops, with a sharp increase of the photocurrent and fill factor between 50 and 67 wt.‐% PCBM. As the phase separation sets in, enhanced electron transport and a reduction of bimolecular charge recombination provide the conditions for improved performance. The results are interpreted in terms of a model that proposes a hierarchical build up of two cooperative interpenetrating networks at different length scales. 相似文献
996.
高度有序多孔氧化铝模板的制备工艺与生长机制的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
采用二次氧化法制备出高度有序的多孔氧化铝模板,结合扫描电镜和原子力显微镜对其结构、形貌进行观察和表征。研究了铝箔预处理和温度等对多孔氧化铝模板孔洞有序性的影响,讨论了有序孔洞的自组织生长机理。 相似文献
997.
H.‐G. Boyen G. Kstle K. Zürn T. Herzog F. Weigl P. Ziemann O. Mayer C. Jerome M. Mller J.P. Spatz M.G. Garnier P. Oelhafen 《Advanced functional materials》2003,13(5):359-364
Starting with Co‐salt‐loaded inverse micelles, which form if the diblock copolymer polystyrene‐block‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine) is dissolved in a selective solvent like toluene and CoCl2 is added to the solution, monomicellar arrays of such micelles exhibiting a significant hexagonal order can be prepared on top of various substrates with tailored intermicellar distances and structure heights. In order to remove the polymer matrix and to finally obtain arrays of pure Co nanoparticles, the micelles are first exposed to an oxygen plasma, followed by a treatment in a hydrogen plasma. Applying in‐situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, it is demonstrated that: 1) The oxygen plasma completely removes the polymer, though conserving the original order of the micellar array. Furthermore, the resulting nanoparticles are entirely oxidized with a chemical shift of the Co 2p3/2 line pointing to the formation of Co3O4. 2) By the subsequent hydrogen plasma treatment the nanoparticles are fully reduced to metallic Co. 3) By exposing the pure Co nanoparticles for 100 s to various oxygen partial pressures pequation/tex2gif-inf-5.gif, a stepwise oxidation is observed with a still metallic Co core surrounded by an oxide shell. The data allow the extraction of the thickness of the oxide shell as a function of the total exposure to oxygen (pequation/tex2gif-inf-7.gif × time), thus giving the opportunity to control the ferromagnetic–antiferromagnetic composition of an exchange‐biased magnetic system. 相似文献
998.
系统介绍了舞钢开发的针状铁素体型X70宽厚板的设计思路、工艺特点和实物水平;采用电炉 炉外精炼 连铸 TMCP工艺生产的X70宽厚板满足西气东输专用技术条件的要求,并批量应用在西气东输主干线工程中。 相似文献
999.
1000.
F Javier Álvarez‐Hornos Carmen Gabaldón Vicente Martínez‐Soria Paula Marzal Josep‐Manuel Penya‐roja 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2008,83(5):643-653
BACKGROUND: Two peat biofilters were used for the removal of toluene from air for one year. One biofilter was fed with pure toluene and the other received 1:1 (by weight) ethyl acetate:toluene mixture. RESULTS: The biofilters were operated under continuous loading: the toluene inlet load (IL) at which 80% removal occurred was 116 g m?3 h?1 at 57 s gas residence time. Maximum elimination capacity of 360 g m?3 h?1 was obtained at an IL of 745 g m?3 h?1. The elimination of toluene was inhibited by the presence of ethyl acetate. Intermittent loading, with pollutants supplied for 16 h/day, 5 days/week, did not significantly affect the removal efficiency (RE). Biomass was fully activated in 2 h after night closures, but 6 h were required to recover RE after weekend closures. Live cell density remained relatively constant over the operational period, while the dead cell fraction increased. Finally, a 15 day starvation period was applied and operation then re‐started. Performance was restored with similar re‐acclimatization period to that after weekend closures, and a reduction in dead cell fraction was observed. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the capacity of the system to handle intermittent loading conditions that are common in industrial practices, including long‐term starvation. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献