Secure Computation Without Authentication

Research on secure multiparty computation has mainly concentrated on the case where the parties can authenticate each other and the communication between them. This work addresses the question of what security can be guaranteed when authentication is not available. We consider a completely unauthenticated setting, where all messages sent by the parties may be tampered with and modified by the adversary without the uncorrupted parties being able to detect this fact. In this model, it is not possible to achieve the same level of security as in the authenticated-channel setting. Nevertheless, we show that meaningful security guarantees can be provided: Essentially, all the adversary can do is to partition the network into disjoint sets, where in each set the computation is secure in of itself, and also independent of the computation in the other sets. In this setting we provide, for the first time, nontrivial security guarantees in a model with no setup assumptions whatsoever. We also obtain similar results while guaranteeing universal composability, in some variants of the common reference string model. Finally, our protocols can be used to provide conceptually simple and unified solutions to a number of problems that were studied separately in the past, including password-based authenticated key exchange and nonmalleable commitments. As an application of our results, we study the question of constructing secure protocols in partially authenticated networks, where some of the links are authenticated, and some are not (as is the case in most networks today).     

Knowledge-based part correspondence

This paper presents a direct method for finding corresponding pairs of parts between two shapes. Statistical knowledge about a large number of parts from many different objects is used to find a part correspondence between two previously unseen input shapes. No class membership information is required. The knowledge-based approach is shown to produce significantly better results than a classical metric distance approach. The potential role of part correspondence as a complement to geometric and structural comparisons is discussed.     

Long-range and energy-efficient optical networking for tiny sensors

Wireless Networks - Acquiring real time sensory data using remote swarms of tiny sensors depends on efficient wireless networking. Often, battery longevity of the sensors is a critical design...     

Synthesis, growth, structural, optical, photoconductivity and dielectric studies on potassium p-nitrophenolate dihydrate: A new semiorganic nonlinear optical material

Potassium p-nitrophenolate dihydrate, a potential semiorganic nonlinear optical material, has been synthesized and grown by slow evaporation technique at room temperature. Single crystal X-ray analysis presents an unprecedented bonding between ions in the crystal with acentric structure. In the new structural investigation, p-nitrophenolate instead of producing bond between phenolic O⁻ and K⁺, it seems to put nitro group in bonding with the metal ion. Optical absorption shows excellent transmission in the entire visible and near-infrared region. Room temperature photocurrent, transport properties are carried out in order to enhance the application for second harmonic generation and opto-electronic devices. Dielectric constant is found to be independent at higher frequencies. The crystal possesses prominent positive photoconduction in the presence of photoactive centers formed with trap energy level. The nonlinear optical activity is confirmed by Kurtz powder test.     

Creating a consensus ranking of proposals from reviewers’ partial ordinal rankings

Peer review of research proposals and articles is an essential element in R&D processes worldwide. In most cases, each reviewer evaluates a small subset of the candidate proposals. The review board is then faced with the challenge of creating an overall “consensus” ranking on the basis of many partial rankings. In this paper we propose a branch-and-bound model to support the construction of an aggregate ranking from the partial rankings provided by the reviewers. In a recent paper we proposed ways to allocate proposals to reviewers so as to achieve the maximum possible overlap among the subsets of proposals allocated to different reviewers. Here, we develop a special branch-and-bound algorithm that utilizes the overlap generated through our earlier methods to enable discrimination in ranking the competing proposals. The effectiveness and efficiency of the algorithm is demonstrated with small numerical examples and tested through an extensive simulation experiment.     

Spatial Aliasing in Spherical Microphone Arrays

Performance of microphone arrays at the high-frequency range is typically limited by aliasing, which is a result of the spatial sampling process. This paper presents analysis of aliasing for spherical microphone arrays, which have been recently studied for a range of applications. The paper presents theoretical analysis of spatial aliasing for various sphere sampling configurations, showing how high-order spherical harmonic coefficients are aliased into the lower orders. Spatial antialiasing filters on the sphere are then introduced, and the performance of spatially constrained filters is compared to that of the ideal antialiasing filter. A simulation example shows how the effect of aliasing on the beam pattern can be reduced by the use of the antialiasing filters     

Growth and Solvent Effects of a Promising Nonlinear Optical Sodium Paranitrophenolate Dihydrate (NO_2-C_H_4-ONa·2H_2O) Single Crystal

Sodium paranitrophenolate dihydrate (NPNa·2H2O) is an excellent semiorganic nonlinear optical (NLO) material, crystallizes both in water and methanol with high degree of transparency. Good optical quality single crystals of dimension upto 18 mm×6 mm×3 mm are obtained by isothermal solvent evaporation technique. The solubility of the crystal in different solvents was measured gravimetrically. The single crystals of NPNa·2H2O show variation in physical properties and growth rate in different solvents. Methanol or ethanol solution yields crystals of bipyramidal shape with clear morphology. However, methanol grown crystal is exhibiting improved hardness parameters and possesses excellent thermal stability as compared to water grown crystals. The effects of solvent on hardness parameter along with thermal and optical properties of NPNa·2H2O was revealed in this paper.     

Perspective Taking as Egocentric Anchoring and Adjustment.

The authors propose that people adopt others' perspectives by serially adjusting from their own. As predicted, estimates of others' perceptions were consistent with one's own but differed in a manner consistent with serial adjustment (Study 1). Participants were slower to indicate that another's perception would be different from--rather than similar to--their own (Study 2). Egocentric biases increased under time pressure (Study 2) and decreased with accuracy incentives (Study 3). Egocentric biases also increased when participants were more inclined to accept plausible values encountered early in the adjustment process than when inclined to reject them (Study 4). Finally, adjustments tend to be insufficient, in part, because people stop adjusting once a plausible estimate is reached (Study 5). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A parallel FFT on an MIMD machine

In this paper we present a parallelization of the Cooley- Tukey FFT algorithm that is implemented on a shared-memory MIMD (non-vector) machine that was built in the Dept. of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University. A parallel algorithm is presented for one dimension Fourier transform with performance analysis. For a large array of complex numbers to be transformed, an almost linear speed-up is demonstrated. This algorithm can be executed by any number of processors, but generally the number is much less than the length of the input data.     

A general simulation model of batch chemical reactors for thermal control investigations

This paper describes the development of a dynamic simulation model for stirred tank batch or semi-batch chemical reactors fitted with an alternative heating-cooling system. Heat and mass balances are established for the reactor and its jacket. Since the general purpose of our research is the thermal control of these reactors, special attention is devoted to the behaviour of the heating-cooling system. In this article, we are particularly concerned with an alternative system, i.e. different fluids at a constant temperature can be alternatively delivered to the jacket. The computer simulation programme is flexible, enabling simulation of a batch or semi-batch reaction vessel, ranging from a laboratory pilot plant to a full-scale production plant. A control algorithm is included which allows reactor operation with open or closed-loop temperature control. To demonstrate the good performance of the simulation model, experimental results are presented for both a pilot plant and an industrial reactor.