Discrimination for ablative control mechanism in solid-propellant rocket nozzle

The ablation in solid-propellant rocket nozzle is a coupling process resulted by chemistry, heat and mass transfer. Based on the heat and mass transfer theory, the aero-thermo-dynamic, and thermo-chemical kinetics, the thermal-chemical ablation model is established. Simulations are completed on the heat flow field and chemical ablation in the nozzle with different concentrations, frequency factors and activation energy of H2. The calculation results show that the concentration and the activation energy of H...     

基于ESB的服务中介框架的设计与实现

ESB通过服务中介者为服务交互双方提供中介服务．针对目前ESB中介实现机制中存在的耦合问题,论文提出了ESB服务中介框架ESB-SMF,对服务中介者的模型进行了改进,并对其运行机制进行阐述,最后给出了服务中介者的Java实现．     

Examining the use of Fe<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> nanoparticles to enhance the NH<Subscript>3</Subscript> sensitivity of polypyrrole films

Summary Polypyrrole (PPy) composite films with different contents of Fe₃O₄ were prepared by in-situ polymerization of pyrrole in aqueous solutions. The dependence of dc current changes on the response of the samples exposure to NH₃ vapor has been investigated. The results shows the composite films are more stable than the pristine ones after being exposed to NH₃ vapor. Meanwhile, the response time was reduced with increasing the Fe₃O₄ content in the films. The results might be originated from the structural changes in the PPy films caused by the addition of Fe₃O₄.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

通用日晷三维仿真系统的开发与应用

日晷是科学与艺术的结合体.日晷造型日趋多样化,其晷面上的晷影计算更加复杂.根据天文学理论计算太阳高度角和方位角和阴影形成原理,计算日出至日落之间各时刻晷针在晷面上的阴影位置,得出各时刻线的位置.在VC++开发环境下采用OpenGL图形标准,设计并实现了通用日晷三维仿真系统.系统支持不同造型日晷的三维可视化模拟以及时刻线位置模拟数据的可视化分析,并以动画的形式逼真表达一个时段内晷影的运动过程.通过比较分析仿真值与实测值之间的关系,表明整个系统能比较客观地模拟晷影位置,为日晷个性化设计、城市造景规划、科学教研、科普教育提供一个直观、便捷的模拟分析辅助工具.     

Energetic surface heterogeneity of nanocrystalline TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> films for dye-sensitized solar cells

Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been receiving significant attention because they have many advantages compared to conventional organic solar cells. It has been known that the photovoltaic characteristics of DSSC are highly dependent on the adsorption properties of dyes on TiO₂ films. To analyze the surface heterogeneity of TiO₂ surfaces, single-phase anatase nanocrystallite titanium films were prepared by sol-gel method using the hydrolysis reaction of titanium tetraisopropoxide under acidic condition and characterized by XRD, FE-SEM and BET analysis. The adsorption energy distribution functions were calculated by the generalized nonlinear regularization method. It was found that the shape and the intensity of the adsorption energy distribution curve determined were highly related with the physical properties (i.e., geometrical heterogeneity) and chemical characteristics (i.e., energetic heterogeneity) of nanocrystalline TiO₂ for DSSC.     

反应型聚合物稳定剂的研究进展

通用塑料在阳光作用下都会降解，添加稳定剂可成功地解决此问题。但是，在某些情况下普通的稳定剂不能满足这种要求，这就促进了新的反应型稳定剂的发展。低分子稳定剂的接枝可克服草取问题。研究反应型稳定剂是提高聚合物的耐热性和耐草取性的一种发展趋势。按反应性基团的不同，该类稳定剂可分为乙烯基型、丙烯酰基型和其他类型。文章综述了反应型稳定剂的合成和应用，还介绍了其中一些商业化的品种。     

Modeling and economic analysis of CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> separation process with hollow fiber membrane modules

The main purpose of the study was to develop a model using ASPEN and Excel simulation method to establish optimum CO₂ separation process utilizing hollow fiber membrane modules to treat exhaust gas from LNG combustion. During the simulation, optimum conditions of each CO₂ separation scenario were determined while operating parameters of CO₂ separation process were varied. The characteristics of hollow fibers membrane were assigned as 60 GPU of permeability and 25 of selectivity for the simulation. The simulation results illustrated that 4 stage connection of membrane module is required in order to achieve over 99% of CO₂ purity and 90% of recovery rate. The resulted optimum design and operation parameters throughout the simulation were also correlated with the experimental data from the actual CO₂ separation facility which has a capacity of 1,000 Nm³/day located in the Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology. Throughout the simulation, the operating parameters of minimum energy consumption were evaluated. Economic analysis of pilot scale of CO₂ separation plant was done with the comparison of energy cost of CO₂ recovery and equipment cost of the plant based on the simulation model. This work was presented at the 6 ^th Korea-China Workshop on Clean Energy Technology held at Busan, Korea, July 4–7, 2006.     

Silver catalysts supported over activated carbons for the selective oxidation of CO in excess hydrogen: effects of different treatments on the supports

Commercial activated carbon (AC) was used as a support either in its original form or after various modifications, giving diverse textural and surface chemical characteristics. The changes of these properties were monitored by N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherms, temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Ag catalysts were prepared over the AC supports by a conventional wet impregnation method. The catalytic performances of supported Ag/AC catalysts in the selective oxidation of CO in excess H₂ were tested. The results indicate the textural and surface chemical characteristics are responsible for the different catalytic performances.