Delayed reporting of the rape victim

1. Delayed reporting of rape may be due to impaired cognitive processing, altered states of consciousness, or cognitive dissonance. 2. DNA may speak for the victim who does not remember a rape due to being unconscious. 3. Women with psychosis may incorporate a rape into their delusional system.     

A new mode renumbering algorithm for bandwidth reduction

A new algorithm is presented for automatic renumbering of systems of interconnected nodes so as to minimize the bandwidth of the connectivity matrix. This is necessary to reduce storage requirements for banded matrix solution techniques. The method is based on those due to Cuthill and McKee¹ and Gibbs, Poole and Stockmeyer.² Under test against several other algorithms on a range of 20 examples of various types it always performed at least as well as, and in most cases better than, the best of the other methods. Seven examples are given in the paper, comparing final bandwidths with those produced by seven other algorithms.     

A numerical method for laterally loaded thin plates

A numerical method for dealing with laterally loaded thin plates is presented and compared to the similar but more basic numerical technique used in [1, 2]. This method considers the plate to be embedded in the infinite plane and uses point load sources external to the plate boundary to satisfy boundary conditions as in collocation. The exact solution for a constant lateral load acting over an arbitrary polygon in the infinite plane is first derived and then used to couple the effects of lateral loading to the collocation method described above. The results show that less than half the number of collocation points used in [1, 2] is needed for the same accuracy and that the computer execution time is reduced several hundred times. This method is not limited to particular plate shapes, boundary condition types or load distributions. Five examples are used to illustrate the method.     

Subspace-based adaptive generalized likelihood ratio detection

Subspace-based adaptive detection performance is examined for the generalized likelihood ratio detector based on Wilks' Λ statistic. The problem considered here is detecting the presence of one or more signals of known shape embedded in Gaussian distributed noise with unknown covariance structure. The data is mapped into a subspace prior to detection. The probability of false alarm is independent of the subspace transformation and depends only on subspace dimension. The probability of detection depends on the subspace transformation through a nonadaptive signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) parameter. Subspace processing results in an SNR loss that tends to decrease performance and a gain in statistical stability that tends to increase performance. It is shown that the statistical stability effect dominates the SNR loss for short data records, and subspace detectors can require substantially less SNR than full space detectors for equivalent performance. A method for designing the subspace transformation to minimize the SNR loss is proposed and illustrated through simulations     

Towards a reduction in error in the radiological measurement of growth in long leg bones of children

The problem of measurement error in radiological estimates of the bone length and differential growth of children's legs is discussed. The contribution of subjective measurement from film by radiologists to the overall error is estimated and confirmed by inter-observer experiments. The problem of radioluscency of unossified cartilage in infants is overcome using a non-routine radiographic technique followed by computer processing to enhance the contrast between the condylar region and the surrounding tissues. The possibility of automatically tracing the contour of the enhanced condylar edge is studied and experimental results are presented.     

Application of high-speed motion analysis to measure shock in cushioned drops

A high-speed motion analysis technique for measuring shocks in cushioned drops is developed and compared with the conventional accelerometer method. Actual drop-test results show significant differences between the measured peak decelerations using the two methods. The drop-test results are also compared with the published cushion-curve data and are again found to be in disagreement. The errors associated with each method are discussed and related back to the observed differences in measured acceleration.     

The cool-flame oxidation ofn-heptane. Part I. The kinetic features of the reaction

The oxidation ofn-heptane has been investigated at subatmospheric pressures and temperatures from 220° to 360°C, and detailed kinetic data have been collected in the cool-flame region in an attempt to understand the phenomenon of cool-flame formation. A detailed ignition diagram has been constructed for a 1:1 fuel-oxygen mixture. At high pressures at temperatures above 355°C, ignition is a single stage process while at lower temperatures it is always initiated by a cool-flame, and appears in a two-stage phenomenon. Although there is a large temperature rise during this first stage it is insufficient to cause thermal ignition of the fuel, suggesting that initiation of the second stage is both chemical and thermal. During a cool-flame the temperature rise is sufficient to take the reaction mixture into the high temperature slow combustion region, when, presumably, the intermediate responsible for cool-flame formation is no longer formed. The flame is quenched, the temperature falls, and if sufficient intermediate is formed again, another flame propagates. Most of the work reported in this paper supports the “thermokinetic” theory of cool-flame formation involving one chain-branching intermediate. It is shown that in the cool-flame region there are complex relationships between cool-flame parameters (induction periods, pressure rise and maximum rate of pressure rise) and initial temperatures and pressures. These give rise to the observed complex shapes of the cool-flame and ignition limits. In turn all these phenomena reflect the complex temperature dependence of the propagation and branching reactions involved in the oxidation.     

THE IMPORTANCE OF PYROLYSIS IN DIESEL IGNITION OF RESIDUAL FUEL OILS

Recent attempts to increase yields of distillate fuels from crude oil have resulted in a decline in the ignition quality of residual fuel oils and claims of ignition problems in large marine Diesel engines. This has revived an interest in fundamental studies of the ignition of liquid fuels and in new ways of defining and measuring ignition quality.

As part of an extensive study of the ignition of a range of residual fuels oils and during the development of novel teats of ignition quality it became obvious that thermal cracking of the fuel could play an important part in the pre-ignition chemistry. This paper reports kinetic data from simple experiments performed on the pyrolyses of residual fuel oils. Small samples and high heating rates were used to try to match the conditions inside a Blow-speed Diesel engine. This data has been used to assess the contribution that thermal cracking makes to ignition processes.

Pyrolyses were carried out on a small silica-coated platinum coil in the inlet of a gas chromatograph. Light hydrocarbon pyrolysis products were formed, and the extent and rate of cracking determined at four temperatures.

Assuming that reaction took place on a surface surrounding the oil and that a constant supply of reactants were available, pseudo zero order rate constants for the initial part of the reaction were evaluated. They showed an Arrhenius relationship with temperature giving an overall apparent activation energy of 110 kJ mol^-1. Extrapolating rate constants to temperatures expected in Diesel engines, and assuming typical droplet sizes end ignition delays, it was shown that thermal cracking of fuels was possible before ignition and that it is likely that these reactions will have a strong influence on the processes leading to ignition. It was also shown that the presence of oxygen greatly increases the rate of thermal cracking.     

Full disclosure data on clinical psychology doctorate programs.

The purposes of this article was to examine the rates at which Council of University Directors of Clinical Psychology (CUDCP) doctoral programs provided full disclosure information on their respective Web sites. Additionally, consistency of full disclosure data was examined using internship match rates, and summary statistics are provided for a normative basis. Of 153 programs, at least some data were located for 111 programs. Large discrepancies were found when comparing internship match statistics reported by programs with match statistics listed by Association of Psychology Postdoctoral and Internship Centers (APPIC). The mean profile of a CUDCP program includes about 160 applicants per year, of which the program admits eight new graduate students. These eight new graduate students have a GRE verbal score of 590, a quantitative GRE score of 650, an undergraduate GPA of 3.63, and take 6.5 years to complete their doctoral degree (including internship). These programs reported an average match rate of 93%. Given the Committee on Accreditation's (CoA's) new mandate for reporting program disclosure variables, the article concludes with recommendations for how best to report these data. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)