The Calvin cycle enzyme sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase is encoded by a light-regulated gene in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

OBJECTIVES: Current surgical treatment for a glottic cancer with significant subglottic extension is a total laryngectomy. The objective of this study was to expand laryngeal conservation procedures by using a reconstructive technique that allows for the repair of hemicricolaryngectomy defects. STUDY DESIGN: After resection of the ipsilateral thyroid, cricoid, and arytenoid for advanced T3 glottic cancer, the laryngeal defect was reconstructed by means of an autotransplanted segment of trachea in four patients. The reconstruction consisted of a transferable patch that was constructed from a segment of revascularized cervical trachea. METHODS: During a 14-day period, a 4-cm segment of cervical trachea was wrapped by a free radial forearm fascial flap. In the second stage, the glottic cancer was removed and the cervical trachea was isolated on its fascial blood supply and transformed into a patch that was used to repair the extended hemilaryngectomy defect. Two different patch designs were used. Two patients underwent reconstruction with a patch augmented at the glottic level (group A); two patients underwent reconstruction without glottic augmentation on the patch (group B). Tracheal continuity was restored by an end-to-end reanastomosis. The postreconstruction morphology of the two patch designs was compared with the preoperative laryngeal morphology. RESULTS: The autotransplantation technique led to complete restoration of the subglottic airway lumen in all four patients. Although the anterior-posterior glottic diameter was reduced by 36% in group A patients and by 43.5% in group B patients, a sufficient glottic airway lumen was obtained. The glottic sphincteric function was restored in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Tracheal autotransplantation may be used reliably to repair hemicricolaryngectomy defects. Augmentation of the patch at the level of the glottis is not essential for successful rehabilitation.     

Ex vivo generation of functional dendritic cells from mobilized CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells

Gene engineering to enhance tumour immunogenicity and elicit curative responses against established tumours and tumour recurrences has become an attractive prospect. Gene engineering enables new genes to be selectively inserted into the genome of a tumour cell, or the construction of new fusion plasmids coding tumour antigens and immunomodulatory molecules. The rationale behind current research is to enhance the immune recognition of tumour antigens through their association with the molecules on which immune recognition depends. The immunotherapy data obtained in many experimental tumour systems provide a realistic assessment of the potential and limits of this technological approach. Experimental vaccination of rodents has been shown to induce a significant immune memory, even against poorly immunogenic tumours, that can prevent tumour growth and cure initial metastases, but is poorly effective against established tumours. Its use in tumour prevention is a fresh dawning perspective.     

COMPUTATION OF THE FLOW FIELD IN A RECIRCULATING TURBULENT GAS JET

As part of an overall investigation of flash-smelting processes, numerical computations were performed for the turbulent recirculating flow field of a gas jet in a confined cylindrical system. The two-equation (k - e) model was used to describe turbulence. The two-dimensional elliptic partial differential equations cast into finite difference forms were solved by the TEACH code (Gosman and Pun, 1973), and the pressure field was computed by the SIMPLER method (Patankar, 1980). Various correlations for the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy at the inlet were tested, and the relation yielding the best results was obtained as E= C_μK^1.5/(0.015d_e where d_e = 4 x hydraulic radius. Extensive comparisons have been made between the computed results using the proposed form of e at the inlet and experimental data taken from the literature. Much better predictions than previously possible have been obtained     

Radiation damage of proteins in the solid state: changes of amino acid composition in catalase.

Catalase has been irradiated with 100 keV electrons under conditions simulating the hazards of electron microscopic imaging. Amino acid analysis reveals a definite pattern of amino acid destruction which is well correlated with the particular chemical structures of amino acid side chains. This pattern appears to be distinctly different from the sensitivity pattern for monoamino acid systems, which fact is ascribed to intramolecular energy transfer and selective attack of liberated radicals.     

Die kristallstrukturen von InTeI und InSeI

InTeI is monoclinic, space group $\text{P}\text{2}{}_1\text{c}$ with a = 807.6, b = 773.1, c = 840.7 pm, β = 117.03° and Z = 4. InTeI has a layer structure; the layers are oriented parallel to (100). They are composed of condensed 4- and 8-membered rings with alternate In and Te atoms or of (InTe₃I) tetrahedra linked by common corners and edges occupied by Te atoms, respectively. The I atoms are only bonded to In atoms and are situated alternately above and below the layers.InSeI is tetragonal, space group I4₁/a with a = 1861.8, c = 1009.4 pm and Z = 32; the crystals are twinned by merohedry. The structure of InSeI is characterized by one-dimensional infinite tubes running in the direction of the 4₁ axis. The tubes are composed of condensed 6-membered rings with alternate In and Se atoms exhibiting skew boat conformation or of (InSe₃I) tetrahedra linked by common corners occupied by Se atoms, respectively. The I atoms are only bonded to In atoms and form the outside of the tube.     

A review of fatigue crack growth in high strength aluminum alloys and the relevant metallurgical factors

The results of 22 different investigations of cyclic crack growth, principally on the 2024-T3 and 7075-T6 alloys, but including results for unalloyed and other 2-, 5-, 6-, and 7-thousand series alloys have been examined and compiled with a view to separating metallurgical effects from other factors. The various crack growth measurements show good agreement when the comparisons involve the same $\text{R-}\text{value}$, environment and cyclic frequency. Both the 2024-T3 and 7075-T6 alloy can display widely different rates of growth for the same $\text{ΔK-}\text{value}$. The highest growth rates are for tests in humid air, the lowest growth rates for tests in dehydrated air with high cyclic frequencies. These extremes point to a moisture assisted corrosion process capable of producing a 20-fold increase in the growth rate at low $\text{ΔK-}\text{levels}$.Crack growth rate-$\text{ΔK}$ measurements have also been converted into S-N curves for cracked members. These curves illustrate the influence of flaw size, stress range, $\text{R}$ and $\text{K}{}_{\mathrm{c}}$ on the cyclic life of the 7075-T6 and 2024-T3 grades. The S-N curves show that the cyclic life of 2024-T3 is about 3 × that of 7075-T6 in laboratory air, about 5 × that of 7075-T6 in humidified air, and 10 × that of 7075-T6 if $\text{ΔK}$ is in proportion to the yield strength. Finally, recent studies of the mechanisms of cyclic growth and other observations bearing on the contribution of metallurgical factors are examined. Effects associated with composition, heat treatment, small amounts of cold work, hard particles and inclusions, grain boundaries, the dislocation substracture produced by cyclic straining, and slip offsets are discussed.     

Assessment of regional myocardial uptake and metabolism of omega-(p-123I-phenyl) pentadecanoic acid with serial single-photon emission tomography

The utility of myocardial imaging and assessment of regional myocardial metabolism of omega-(123I-paraphenyl-)pentadecanoic acid (I-PPA) by means of serial single-photon tomography is demonstrated in animal experiments. High quality cross sectional images of dog hearts with clear delineation of left ventricular walls are obtained. Myocardial infarcts are visualized as areas of deficient radioactivity uptake. I-PPA elimination from non-infarcted myocardial regions is significantly (p less than 0.001) prolonged when compared with unaffected controls. Hence, not only localized absence of uptake of free fatty acid by infarcted myocardium can be demonstrated with serial single-photon tomography but also general impairment of cardiac FFA-metabolism.