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941.
Intelligent Monitoring for Adaptation in Grid Applications 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Reed D.A. Mendes C.L. 《Proceedings of the IEEE. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers》2005,93(2):426-435
Grid applications access distributed, and often shared, resources. One consequence of this resource sharing is that measured application performance can vary widely and in unexpected ways. Determining the causes of poor performance, due to either anomalous application behavior or contention for shared resource use, and adapting to changing circumstances are critical to creation of robust Grid applications. Performance contracts and real-time adaptive control are two mechanisms to realize soft performance guarantees in Grid environments. Performance contracts formalize the relationship between application performance needs and resource capabilities. During execution, contract monitors use performance data to verify that expectations are met. When the contracted specifications are not satisfied, the system can choose to either adapt the application to available resources or reschedule the application on a new set of resources that can satisfy the original contract specifications. We describe an infrastructure for Grid application contract development and monitoring. This infrastructure, based on the Autopilot toolkit, provides flexible and scalable tools to assess both application and system behavior. 相似文献
942.
Wakejima A. Matsunaga K. Okamoto Y. Ando Y. Nakayama T. Miyamoto H. 《Electronics letters》2005,41(25):1371-1372
A single-ended amplifier using small packaged GaN-FETs exhibits a record 2.14 GHz W-CDMA output power. The amplifier, composed of paralleled 48 mm gate periphery FET die, delivers a peak saturated output power of 371 W with a linear gain of 11.2 dB at a drain voltage of 45 V under 2.14 GHz 3GPP W-CDMA signal input. The output power density (output power/package size) of 1.1 W/mm/sup 2/ is twice as high as that of the existing over 300 W GaAs-FET amplifiers. A low 5 MHz offset ACLR of -36 dBc with a drain efficiency of 24% is also obtained at 8 dB power back off from the saturated output power. 相似文献
943.
Sazonov A. Striakhilev D. Lee C.-H. Nathan A. 《Proceedings of the IEEE. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers》2005,93(8):1420-1428
This paper addresses the low-temperature deposition processes and electronic properties of silicon based thin film semiconductors and dielectrics to enable the fabrication of mechanically flexible electronic devices on plastic substrates. Device quality amorphous hydrogenated silicon (a-Si:H), nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si), and amorphous silicon nitride (a-SiN/sub x/) films and thin film transistors (TFTs) were made using existing industrial plasma deposition equipment at the process temperatures as low as 75/spl deg/C and 120/spl deg/C. The a-Si:H TFTs fabricated at 120/spl deg/C demonstrate performance similar to their high-temperature counterparts, including the field effect mobility (/spl mu//sub FE/) of 0.8 cm/sup 2/V/sup -1/s/sup -1/, the threshold voltage (V/sub T/) of 4.5 V, and the subthreshold slope of 0.5 V/dec, and can be used in active matrix (AM) displays including organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays. The a-Si:H TFTs fabricated at 75/spl deg/C exhibit /spl mu//sub FE/ of 0.6 cm/sup 2/V/sup -1/s/sup -1/, and V/sub T/ of 4 V. It is shown that further improvement in TFT performance can be achieved by using n/sup +/ nc-Si contact layers and plasma treatments of the interface between the gate dielectric and the channel layer. The results demonstrate that with appropriate process optimization, the large area thin film Si technology suits well the fabrication of electronic devices on low-cost plastic substrates. 相似文献
944.
945.
T. Braun K.-F. Becker M. Koch V. Bader R. Aschenbrenner H. Reichl 《Microelectronics Reliability》2005,45(9-11):1672
Automotive under-the-hood electronics often have to withstand temperatures up to 175 °C in combination with harsh environment conditions. This paper gives an overview about the reliability potential of epoxy based encapsulants for automotive applications. Therefore the resistance of epoxy molding compound against typical automotive fluids at temperature of use is analyzed. Six epoxy molding compounds available on the market, showing high temperature automotive potential have been carefully selected to undergo a media resistance testing. For this purpose a dedicated mold tool has been designed and manufactured to prepare these encapsulants for material testing. Thermo-mechanical, mechanical and thermal properties had been determined in initial state directly after molding and after storage in aggressive fluids typical for automotive applications as e.g. gas oil, automatic transmission fluid (ATF), brake fluid or accumulator acid at the respective temperature of use. 相似文献
946.
H. Furuse N. Mori H. Kubo H. Momose M. Kondow 《Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics》2007,18(1):81-85
We have measured optical transmittance through germanium in the mid-infrared region at room temperature using the Osaka free-electron laser (FEL). In spite of the fact that germanium is transparent in the mid-infrared region, we observed strong suppression of optical transmission under high-intensity FEL excitation. We found that the observed suppression is due to optical absorption in germanium. To analyze the experimental results, we have calculated optical transmittance of germanium within Keldysh theory 相似文献
947.
Tang Helen H. Y.; McNally Gavan P.; Richardson Rick 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2007,121(6):1421
The authors studied the role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in 2 types of forgetting of fear in the developing rat. One type of forgetting studied was that observed after an intermediate retention interval (the "Kamin effect"); the other type studied was that observed after a longer interval (infantile amnesia). Rats were given pairings of an auditory conditioned stimulus with shock, and learned fear was assessed by freezing. Forgetting at an intermediate retention interval (1 hr) was not alleviated by the GABAA receptor partial inverse agonist FG7142 (0, 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg), whereas forgetting at a longer retention interval (48 hr) was alleviated. These results suggest that in the developing rat, forgetting observed at different retention intervals is mediated by different physiological mechanisms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
948.
We report a 63-year-old female patient developing a pseudoaneurysm three years after patch-plasty of an aneurysm located at the distal thoracic aorta. Redo-operation was performed including total replacement of the descending thoracic aorta with reimplantation of distal intercostal arteries using small-caliber interposition grafts. This case presentation underlines the ineffectiveness of patch repair for the treatment of aortic aneurysms. Furthermore, the surgical technique of reimplantation of intercostal arteries using a separate graft is discussed. 相似文献
949.
The effect of ductile crack growth on the near tip stress field in two different specimen geometries has been investigated. For homogeneous specimens it is observed that the peak stress level increases with ductile crack growth. The effect is most pronounced up to about 1 mm of crack growth. For low and intermediate hardening there is a significant effect of specimen size on the stress level. In case of mismatch in yield stress, the simulations show that the increase in stress level in the material with the lower yield stress is of a similar magnitude as is the case for stationary cracks. In case of ductile crack growth deviation from the original crack plane occurs, the highest stresses are still found close to the interface, and not in front of the current crack tip. 相似文献
950.
H.‐C. Su F.‐C. Fang T.‐Y. Hwu H.‐H. Hsieh H.‐F. Chen G.‐H. Lee S.‐M. Peng K.‐T. Wong C.‐C. Wu 《Advanced functional materials》2007,17(6):1019-1027
Highly efficient orange and green emission from single‐layered solid‐state light‐emitting electrochemical cells based on cationic transition‐metal complexes [Ir(ppy)2sb]PF6 and [Ir(dFppy)2sb]PF6 (where ppy is 2‐phenylpyridine, dFppy is 2‐(2,4‐difluorophenyl)pyridine, and sb is 4,5‐diaza‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene) is reported. Photoluminescence measurements show highly retained quantum yields for [Ir(ppy)2sb]PF6 and [Ir(dFppy)2 sb]PF6 in neat films (compared with quantum yields of these complexes dispersed in m‐bis(N‐carbazolyl)benzene films). The spiroconfigured sb ligands effectively enhance the steric hindrance of the complexes and reduce the self‐quenching effect. The devices that use single‐layered neat films of [Ir(ppy)2sb]PF6 and [Ir(dFppy)2sb]PF6 achieve high peak external quantum efficiencies and power efficiencies of 7.1 % and 22.6 lm W–1) at 2.5 V, and 7.1 % and 26.2 lm W–1 at 2.8 V, respectively. These efficiencies are among the highest reported for solid‐state light‐emitting electrochemical cells, and indicate that cationic transition‐metal complexes containing ligands with good steric hindrance are excellent candidates for highly efficient solid‐state electrochemical cells. 相似文献