Magnetic excitations of rare Earth atoms and clusters on metallic surfaces

Magnetic anisotropy and magnetization dynamics of rare earth Gd atoms and dimers on Pt(111) and Cu(111) were investigated with inelastic tunneling spectroscopy. The spin excitation spectra reveal that giant magnetic anisotropies and lifetimes of the excited states of Gd are nearly independent of the supporting surfaces and the cluster size. In combination with theoretical calculations, we argue that the observed features are caused by strongly localized character of 4f electrons in Gd atoms and clusters.     

A three-terminal planar selfgating device for nanoelectronic applications

We report on a new nanoelectronic planar three-terminal device, fabricated from III/V semiconductor-based heterosystems. Utilizing the benefits of selfgating and in-plane gates, the tunable three-terminal device presented exhibits strong non-linear input- and transfer-characteristics, both, at liquid Helium and at room temperature. For a given side-gate voltage, the devices input characteristics closely resemble that of a conventional diode, although it is fabricated by a single post-growth patterning process only, i.e., etching of deep trenches. We present a simple model, based on an equivalent circuit, which well reproduces the experimental findings. Possible applications are discussed.     

Discovery of the gold isotopes

Thirty-six gold isotopes have been observed so far and the discovery of these isotopes is discussed here. For each isotope a brief summary of the first refereed publication, including the production and identification method, is presented.     

The Effect of the Stiffness of the stem of the Modular Revision Prosthesis MRP Titan Depending on Stem Diameter

The MRP‐Titan revision stem has proved to be a very successful implant system in revision arthroplasty of the hip joint. With this revision system good and very good clinical and excellent radiographic results with spontaneous filling out of femur defects were published in studies. The observation, that an atrophy of the proximal femur could be recorded with stem diameters above 17 mm, lead us to carry out stiffness measurements on different diameters of the MRP‐Titan revision stem. To determine the static bending characteristics, the bent 200 mm MRP‐Titan revision stem was tested under axial stress in accordance with Euler´s buckling cases. Various diameters from 13 to 22 mm were tested with a calibrated hydraulic MTS 810 axial piston testing machine (MTS Systems, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA). Each test was carried out five times, the mean average value of the respective deflexion for each stem diameter was listed in a diagram. It turned out that deflexion decreased disproportionately from a stem diameter of > 18 mm. This correlated directly with an increased stiffness of the stem. With the MRP‐Titan revision stem a reliable implant in revision arthroplasty has been made available. The clinical observation of a proximal femur atrophy with stem diameters > 17 mm could be correlated in the series of experiments with a corresponding exponential increase in stiffness. The aim of continuing development will be to reduce the stiffness of the individual implant, especially in larger stem diameters, through constructive and/or material science measures.     

The generalized Mackenzie distribution: Disorientation angle distributions for arbitrary textures

A general formulation for the disorientation angle distribution function is derived. The derivation employs the hyperspherical harmonic expansion for orientation distributions, and an explicit solution is presented for materials with cubic crystal symmetry and arbitrary textures. The result provides a significant generalization to the well-known Mackenzie distribution function [Mackenzie JK. Biometrika 1958;45:229] for materials with random crystal orientations. This derivation also demonstrates that the relatively new hyperspherical harmonic expansion provides access to results that have been inaccessible with the more traditional “generalized spherical harmonic” expansion that is in current use throughout the field.     

旨在减少品种数的汽车行业联合项目

１９９５年，北莱茵－威斯特法伦州汽车联合研究中心（ＶＩＡＮＲＷ）的１０家汽车生产商和１０家配件供应商一共启动了１０个合作项目。其目标是，在运输工具制造业中，共同通过合理的标准化来减少品种数，从而持久地控制成本。其结果不言而哈；汽车生产商和配件供应商能将汽车零件的品种几乎减少２／３。然而，始终是上帝的顾客几乎不在意这些措施。在维瑟伦的ＧＰＳ咨询公司参与了这些项目，该公司借助于方法学和系统技术两方面的     

Enhanced densification of cavitated dispersion-strengthened aluminum by thermal cycling

We report experimental data of creep cavity shrinkage for dispersion-strengthened-cast aluminum with about 23 vol pct submicron Al₂O₃ dispersoids, annealed isothermally or subjected to thermal cycling without applied stress. Thermal cycling is found to increase the rate of densification by a factor of 3 to 5.5 relative to isothermal annealing at the upper cycling temperature, allowing for recovery of full theoretical density in a shorter time. Isothermal densification is discussed in light of a diffusive cavity shrinkage mechanism, and a model considering thermal mismatch stresses is employed to rationalize the enhanced rate of densification observed during thermal cycling. Intermittent thermal-cycling densification is shown to improve creep life of dispersion-strengthened aluminum through the suppression of tertiary damage accumulation processes.     

Absence of epidermal growth factor receptor expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix is an indicator of limited tumor disease

The expression of growth factors is considered as an important diagnostic and prognostic feature in tumor pathology. We investigated the value of the immunohistochemical EGF-receptor expression (EGF-R) in 30 squamous cell carcinomas of the uterine cervix, treated by radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy according to the Wertheim-Meigs-Okabayashi technique. Immunohistochemical reactions were performed on 4 microm sections from paraffin-embedded tissue, using an indirect peroxidase method. The staining results were evaluated semiquantitatively as negative (n=9; 30%) or as slightly, moderately or severely positive (n=21; 70%). The EGF-R-negative tumors were found in less advanced tumor stages. None had invaded into the parametrium (100%), eight were staged as T1 (89%), seven as N0 (78%), and seven showed no evidence for lymphangiosis carcinomatosa (78%). The respective values for the EGF-R-positive tumors ranged from 52% to 67%. However, only the difference in parametral invasion (EGF-R-negative: 0%, EGF-R-positive: 38%) was statistically significant (p=0.0306), probably due to the small number of cases. The EGF-R-expression was not correlated to histomorphological tumor grading. The results of this study indicate an inverse correlation between EGF-R expression and tumor spread. Assuming that this trend could be confirmed by a larger group of patients, immunostaining for EGF-R in a tumor biopsy could be useful to adapt surgical strategies and adjuvant therapy in the individual patient. Moreover, the EGF-R is an interesting target for immunotherapeutic approaches in squamous cell cervical carcinoma.