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991.
Hong-Bing Tsai Da-Kong Lee Hsien-Wen Chen Jia-Yeh Chang Jung-Liang Liu Chih-Huey Chang I-Chung Du Sheng-Yuan Lei Jiang-Wen You 《Journal of Polymer Research》1996,3(1):59-63
The liquid crystalline transitions of two kinds of smectic polyesters with different molecular weights were investigated by DSC, polarized microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The molecular weight affects the transitions significantly for these two kinds of polyesters. With a high enough molecular weight, both poly (pentamethylenep,p-bibenzoate) and poly(hexamethylenep,p-bibenzoate) exhibit an enantiotropic smectic phase, but the two endothermic transition peaks of the DSC heating curve seem to overlap. The polyesters tend to exhibit a monotropic smectic phase as the molecular weight decreases. From the DSC cooling curve, the isotropic-smectic transition can be seen more clearly. As the molecular weight decreases, the smectic order decrease significantly. The molecular weight affects the transitions in a different way for these two different kinds of polyesters. 相似文献
992.
T. J. Shin H. K. Park S. W. Lee B. Lee W. Oh J.‐S. Kim S. Baek Y.‐T. Hwang H.‐C. Kim M. Ree 《Polymer Engineering and Science》2003,43(6):1232-1240
A series of aromatic polyimides composed of well‐defined conjugation units were synthesized form 5,5′‐bis(4‐aminophenyl)‐2,2′‐bifuryl (PFDA) and 2,2′‐bis(furyl) benzidine (FurylBZ) with various dianhydrides. The synthesized polyimides emit blue to green light with a quantum yield of 7.3–14.9%, depending on the polymer backbone. In particular, PFDA‐based polymers exhibit extremely narrow photo‐luminescence. The structure, thermal stability, refractive index and dielectric properties of the polymer films were also determined. 相似文献
993.
Solid circulation characteristics in an internally circulating fluidized bed with orifice-type draft tube 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sang Done Kim Yo Han Kim Seon Ah Roh Dong Hyun Lee 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2002,19(5):911-916
Effects of superficial gas velocities to a draft tube, to an annulus section and particle size on the solid circulation rate
(G,) have been determined in an internally circulating fluidized bed (0.28 m I.D. × 2m high) with an orifice type draft tube.
The solid circulation rate from the draft tube to an annulus section increases with increasing gas velocities to the draft
tube(U
d
) and annulus section (Ua) and consequent increase in pressure drop across the orifice (ΔPor). However, the values ofG
s
decrease by 7–21% with increasing particle size from 86 to 288 μm. The pressure drop across the orifice increases with increasingU
d
andU
a
. However, ΔPor decreases by 5–23% with increasing particle size. To predictG
s
in an internally circulating fluidized bed, a correlation is proposed as a function of ΔPor
This paper is dedicated to Professor Dong Sup Doh on the occasion of his retirement Korea University. 相似文献
994.
Layered Li[Li0.12NizMg0.32−zMn0.56]O2 oxide cathodes containing lithium atoms in the transition metal layers were synthesized and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), galvanostatic cycling, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The Li[Li0.12NizMg0.32−zMn0.56]O2 cathodes deliver a specific discharge capacity of about 190 mAh/g at room temperature and 236 mAh/g at 55 °C when cycled between 2.7 and 4.6 V versus Li/Li+. Excellent capacity retention and smooth potential profiles at room and elevated temperatures over extended cycles suggest that this material does not convert into a spinel structure. 相似文献
995.
H. B. Knight Lee P. Witnauer W. E. Palm R. E. Koos Daniel Swern 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1959,36(9):382-388
Summary Thirty-one acyloxy or aryloxy esters prepared from hydroxystearic acids have been evaluated as plasticizers for a vinyl chloride-vinyl
acetate copolymer (95∶5). Many of them were found to be primary plasticizers, having outstanding low-temperature performance
when employed at the 35% level. Formulations with these compounds compared quite favorably in tensile properties with those
containing the di-2-ethylhexyl esters of phthalic, sebacic, azelaic, and adipic acids. Volatility losses were similar to those
of the four di-2-ethylhexyl esters. The loss of plasticizer through migration was equal to or less than that from compositions
containing the esters of sebacic, azelaic, and adipic acids but was greater than that of the phthalate ester.
A mechanistic scheme of plasticizer-polymer interaction has been presented, proposing that the rate of diffusion of plasticizer
through the polymer mass is a controlling factor in both good low-temperature performance and the resulting high migration
losses. Methyl esters, some aromatic esters, and esters containing three or more polar centers have improved permanence but
show a more rapid change in torsional modulus as the temperature is lowered during the determination of the Clash-Berg stiffening
temperature.
Eastern Utilization Research and Development Division, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture. 相似文献
996.
Jong-Ho Ryu Jong Hyun Seo Jae-Han Jeong Sung-Kap Kim Dong Nyung Lee 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》2004,34(9):879-884
A study has been made of the electrochemical etching of 99.99% aluminum foils at a current density of 50 mA cm–2in AlCl3–HCl solutions (1 m Cl–) at 80 °C. The solutions were made by dissolving metallic aluminum into 1m HCl solution, to give a Cl– concentration of 1 m. The number density of etch tunnels and the homogeneity of tunnel length decreased, and the mean pit size and its standard deviation increased with increasing Al3+ concentration. The results were discussed based on potential transients at a current density of 50 mA cm–2, current–potential curves at a scan rate of 10 m Vs–1 and electrochemical impedance spectra. 相似文献
997.
Won Seok Lyoo Han Do Ghim Hee‐Sam Kim Joon Ho Kim Sam Soo Kim Won Sik Yoon Jinwon Lee Sang‐Seob Lee 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2002,86(14):3667-3672
N‐Vinylcarbazole (VCZ) was solution‐polymerized in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at ?20, 0, and 20°C using the photoinitiation method; the effects of the amount of solvent, polymerization temperature, and photoinitiator concentration were investigated. On the whole, the experimental results corresponded to predicted ones. Low polymerization temperature using photoinitiation proved to be successful in obtaining poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) (PVCZ) of a high molecular weight with a smaller temperature rise during polymerization; nevertheless of free radical polymerization by 2,2′‐azobis(2,4‐dimethylvaleronitrile) (ADMVN). The photo‐solution polymerization rate of VCZ in THF was proportional to the 0.47 power of ADMVN concentration. The molecular weight was higher and the molecular weight distribution was narrower with PVCZ polymerized at lower temperatures. For PVCZ prepared in THF at ?20°C using a photoinitiator concentration of 0.00005 mol/mol of VCZ, a weight‐average molecular weight of 510,000 was obtained, with a polydispersity index of 1.73, and a degree of lightness converged to about 99%. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 3667–3672, 2002 相似文献
998.
We prepared poly(p‐phenylene pyromellitimide) (PMDA–PDA), poly(p‐phenylene 4,4′‐hexafluoroisopropylidene diphthalimide), and their copolyimides with various compositions to explore the relationship between the water sorption and structure. The water sorption behaviors were gravimetrically investigated as a function of composition and temperature and interpreted with a Fickian diffusion model in films. Overall, the water sorption behaviors were strongly dependent on the changes in morphological structure, which originated from the variations in composition. When the content of the bulky hexafluoroisopropylidene group (6FDA) was increased, the water uptake decreased from 5.80 to 3.18 wt %, whereas the diffusion coefficient increased from 3.6 × 10?10 to 11.3 × 10?10 cm2/s. The relatively high water uptake in the PMDA–PDA polyimide film was successfully healed by the incorporation of 6FDA, which may have resulted from the increases in the intermolecular packing order and hydrophobicity. The degree of orientation and crystallinity, which are in‐plane characteristics, were directly correlated to the diffusion coefficient and activation energy in the polyimide film. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 3442–3446, 2003 相似文献
999.
Seong‐Ho Choi Min‐Seok Kim Jae Jeong Ryoo Kwang‐Pill Lee Hyun‐Dong Shin Sun‐Hwa Kim Yong‐Hyun Lee 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2002,85(11):2451-2457
Carboxylic acid groups were introduced onto polyethylene (PE) film by radiation‐induced graft copolymerization. Subsequently, the clodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) was immobilized on the PE film with a carboxylic acid group. The activity of the immobilized CGTase on PE film was in the range of 0.40–1.04 U/cm2 per min. The production of cyclodextrins (CDs) from corn starch was examined using the CGTase‐immobilized PE film. The production ratios of CDs using CGTase‐immobilized PE film was in the following order: α–CD > β–CD > γ–CD. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 2451–2457, 2002 相似文献
1000.
The mathematical model and the method of its numerical analysis for fixed-bed catalytic reactors were developed and were applied
to the pilot reactor of isopropyl alcohol (IPA). The experimental results from pilot test runs were used to test and verify
the simulation results. The numerical simulation gives the IPA concentration and temperature profiles in the reactor. The
production of IPA from a commercialized ethanol rector was examined. The operation conditions of IPA synthesis were established. 相似文献