Studies on the heating capacity control of a multi-type heat pump system applying a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) method

This paper describes a method to control capacity of a multi-type heat pump system. Because indoor units are interconnected, alteration of the heating or cooling setting of one indoor unit can influence the performance of the other indoor units. Proportional-integral (PI) controllers were used to assess system performance, and the PI controllers’ gain values were optimized by using a genetic algorithm. A system model was established following a system identification optimization process, and a pseudo random binary sequence was selected as the system identification input signal. A multi-input multi-output (MIMO) controller was more effective in reducing such cross-coupling effects than a single-input single-output (SISO) controller. The temperature at the secondary fluid outlet in the condenser and the saturation pressure at the evaporator were selected as the control variables in the MIMO controller. The experimental results showed that an optimized MIMO controller could reduce overshoot by up to 40% compared with the results using a SISO controller.     

Contextualizing the ideas of technology in Korea—Questions of technology and early modern experiences

In the early to mid-2000s, Korea was touted as a strong IT (information technology) nation. But its IT success story has faded into the background less than half a decade’s time. Critiques hold among others the problem of hardware-oriented, commercialistic, and consumerist nature of IT environment including the centralized, statist IT governance responsible for hindering an IT take-off in Korea. This problematic environment of IT is fundamentally a material consequence of particular ideas of technology Korean society maintains—ideas of hardwarism, commercialism, and consumerism. Then the important question is the origin of these ideas. A large body of research argues the national modernization drive of the 1960s as an embryonic momentum in which hardware-centric, commercially oriented, and consumerist ideas of technology were disseminated in earnest. Persuasive as this argument is, the question still remains concerning how such perceptions about technology were embraced by the general populace at that moment with outright enthusiasm. This study argues that they were already gestated during the nation’s initial contact with modernity mostly by way of Japan in the context of the imperialistic world order of the late 19th century. And embedded as a paradigmatic structure, these ideas have been critical in the shaping of the trajectory of technology development and broadly a basic framework of modernization in Korea.     

Effect of selected aromatic medicinal plant sancho (Zanthoxylum schinifolium) on osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells

This study was performed to investigate the bioactivity of sancho (Zanthoxylum schinifolium) essential oil (EO) on bone metabolism and its function of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. The volatile aroma components of sancho EO were collected using a Clevenger-type apparatus by steam distillation extraction method, and determined by GC-MS. β-Phellandrene (22.54%) was the most abundant volatile compound in sancho EO, followed by citronellal (16.48%) and geranyl acetate (11.39%). It increased the collagen and mineralization of osteoblasts (p<0.05), indicating that sancho may help prevent osteoporosis.     

3D-HEVC深度图像快速帧内编码方法

目的 新一代3D视频采用了多视点加深度图像的格式,其编码测试模型3D-HEVC(3D高效视频编码)为深度图像引入了一些新的编码技术,包括深度模型模式、分段直流(DC)残差编码模式和帧内跳过模式等,但是同时也显著地增加了帧内编码器的复杂度,严重制约了3D视频的实时应用,因此本文提出了一种深度图像帧内模式选择方法。方法 首先,分析在分层编码结构中,父层帧内模式和子层帧内模式的关系,并依据父层的帧内模式对子层的候选模式进行修剪;其次,通过分析粗略候选帧内模式,把当前块分为平滑块、方向块和边界块,并根据不同块进行候选帧内模式的选择。结果 与高效3D视频编码标准的测试模型相比,本文的深度图像帧内模式选择方法可以节省约44%的编码时间。本文方法有效地减少了计算率失真代价的候选帧内模式数目,从而降低了帧内编码器的复杂度。结论 该方法能在保证虚拟视点质量的前提下,有效地降低深度图像帧内编码的复杂度。     

pH-sensitive photocatalytic activities of TiO2/poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(acrylic acid) composite hydrogels

The pH-sensitive photocatalytic system was prepared by embedding TiO₂ into poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(acrylic acid) hydrogel. Two different type TiO₂/hydrogel composites, such as matrix and nanofiber, were prepared to investigate the morphological effects on the photocatalytic activity. TiO₂ was distributed uniformly in the composite hydrogel and kept the original anatase structure without any structural change. The photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ was evaluated based on the efficiency of photobleaching of dye. The photobleaching of dye was improved greatly as the pH was changed into basic condition and the larger surface area of hydrogel was available for TiO₂ by using nanofiber supports.     

Preparation and photoluminescence properties of γ-KCaPO4: Eu phosphors for near UV-based white LEDs

Novel whitish-blue phosphors based on a phosphate host matrix, γ-KCaPO₄: Eu²⁺, were prepared by a conventional solid-state reaction method using slightly phosphorus deficient conditions and their photoluminescence properties were investigated. The concentration quenching process, temperature dependence of the luminescence and decay curve were also investigated. The γ-KCaPO₄: Eu²⁺ phosphor was efficiently excited by UV-Visible light at wavelengths of 200-450 nm and exhibited a bright whitish-blue emission with a maximum peak wavelength of 473 nm. All of these characteristics suggest that the γ-KCaPO₄: Eu²⁺ phosphors combined with red phosphors could be applicable to near UV-based white LEDs, i.e., only two kinds of phosphor powders are needed for the formation of white light.     

Quantitative measurement of cementite dissociation in drawn pearlitic steel

Fractional dissociation of cementite was quantified as a function of strain by measuring the volume change of cementite in the pearlitic steel. The amount of carbon dissolved into the ferrite was estimated from the decrease of cementite volume, to correlate with the hardness in different strain level. The hardness showed linear relationship with the carbon dissolved into the ferrite matrix, which is believed to contribute in strengthening the drawn wire. Defects introduced from the deformation were believed to lower the energy barrier of cementite break-ups and to enhance the dissolution of carbon into ferrite.