Catalytic properties of potassium-or lanthanum-promoted Co/γ-Al2O3 catalysts in carbon monoxide hydrogenation

The effects of potassium or lanthanum additives on the catalytic properties of alumina-supported cobalt catalysts were examined through carbon monoxide hydrogenation reaction. The catalysts were characterized by hydrogen or carbon monoxide chemisorption, oxygen titration, and temperature-programmed desorption. The reactions were carried out at 270 °C and atmospheric pressure. When a small amount of potassium was added to alumina-supported cobalt catalysts, the amount of hydrogen adsorption decreased more significantly than that of carbon monoxide adsorption, and the extent of reduction also decreased. With the addition of potassium, the overall carbon monoxide conversion decreased, while the selectivity to higher hydrocarbon and olefin increased. The effect of lanthanum on activity and selectivity in carbon monoxide hydrogenation was less significant than the effect of potassium. Temperature-programmed desorption showed that the presence of additives changed the adsorbed state of CO on cobalt. This paper is dedicated to Professor Hyun-Ku Rhee on the occasion of his retirement from Seoul National University.     

HTRCI and Channel Ranking Based Joint Symbols Detection for MQRD-PCM/MIMO-OFDM

MIMO-OFDM is considered a key technology in emerging high-data rate systems. In MIMO-OFDM systems, channel estimation and signal detection are important to distinguish transmit signals from multiple transmit antennas. Previously, we have proposed a parallel detection algorithm using multiple QR decompositions (Q is an orthogonal square matrix, R is upper triangular matrix) with permuted channel matrix (MQRD-PCM) to reduce the system complexity of MIMO-OFDM. This method achieves a good BER performance with a low system complexity. However, since MQRD-PCM is a kind of parallel detection method, the wrong detection probability is increased due to the bad channel signal-to-interference plus noise power ratio (SINR) of the transmitted signals. As a result, the average BER performance is influenced by the wrong detection probability of the bad channel SINR. To overcome the above-mentioned problems, in this paper, we propose the high time resolution carrier interferometry and channel ranking based joint signal detection for MQRD-PCM/MIMO-OFDM.     

Experimental study of thermal degradation in ferritic Cr–Ni alloy steel plates using nonlinear Lamb waves

The thermal degradation in ferritic Cr–Ni alloy steel plates is measured using the nonlinear effect of Lamb wave propagation. Experiments were carried out to introduce controlled levels of thermal damage to determine the nonlinear response of Lamb waves. A “mountain-shape” change in the normalized acoustic nonlinearity of Lamb wave versus the level of thermal degradation in the specimens has been observed. The variation in the measured acoustic nonlinearity reveals, based on metallographic studies, that the normalized acoustic nonlinearity increases due to the second phase precipitates in the early stage and it decreases as a combined result of dislocation change and micro-void initiation in the material. The results show a potential application of the nonlinear Lamb waves for the quantitative assessment of thermal damage in metallic plates or pipes.     

DQEM for analyzing dynamic characteristics of layered fluid-saturated porous elastic media

Based on the Porous Media Theory presented by de Boer, the governing differential equations for a layered space-axisymmetrical fluid-saturated porous elastic body are firstly established, in which the suitable interface conditions between layers are presented. Then, a differential quadrature element method (DQEM) is developed, and the DQEM and the second-order backward difference scheme are applied to discretize the governing differential equations of the problem in the spatial and temporal domain, respectively. In order to show the validity of the present analysis, the dynamic response of a fluid-saturated porous medium is analyzed, and the obtained numerical results are directly compared with the existing analytical results. The effects of the numbers of the elements and grid points on the convergence of the numerical results are considered. Finally, the dynamic characteristics of a layered fluid-saturated elastic soil cylinder subjected to a water pressure or a dynamic loading are studied, and the effects of material parameters are considered in detail. From the above numerical results, it can be found that the DQEM has advantages, such as little amount in computation, good stability and convergence as well as high accuracy, so it is a very efficient method for solving the problems in soil mechanics, especially such problems with discontinuities.     

Facile preparation of nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide as a metal-free catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction

The electronic and chemical properties of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) can be modulated by chemical doping foreign atoms and functional moieties. Nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-RGO) is a promising candidate for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells. However, there are still some challenges in further preparation and modification of N-RGO. In this work, a low-cost industrial material, urea, was chosen to modify RGO by a facile, catalyst-free thermal annealing approach in large scale. The obtained N-RGO, as a metal-free catalyst for oxygen reduction was characterized by XRD, XPS, Raman, SEM, TEM, and electrochemical measurements. It was found that the optimum synthesis conditions were a mass ratio of graphene oxide and urea equal to 1:10 and an annealing temperature of 800 °C. Detailed X-ray photoelectron spectrum analysis of the optimum product shows that the atomic percentage of N-RGO samples can be adjusted up to 2.6 %, and the resultant product can act as an efficient metal-free catalyst, exhibiting enhanced electrocatalytic properties for ORR in alkaline electrolytes. This simple, cost-effective, and scalable approach opens up the possibility for the synthesis of other nitrogen doping materials in gram-scale. It can be applied to various carbon materials for the development of other metal-free efficient ORR catalysts for fuel cell applications, and even new catalytic materials for applications beyond fuel cells.     

风云二号卫星水汽波段在轨辐射定标新方法

将月球作为热发射波段定标参考源,在无需月表发射率和温度信息条件下,通过引入UDER参数,建立了不同热发射波段观测辐亮度间定量关系,并导出了新的波段间交叉定标方法.同时,利用FY-2E卫星多波段月球观测结果,以辐射精度较高的热红外波段为基准,在无星载全光路黑体情况下,初步实现了水汽波段在轨高精度辐射定标,且在200～220 K低温区间内的定标精度平均提高约3.5 K,并显著改善了云分类等定量产品的性能.     

水作反应介质的绿色化学技术

综述了水相中的各种有机合成反应技术、生物催化反应技术、催化剂的回收和产品分离技术以及水相反应中电化学和太阳能化学技术,并对水作反应介质的绿色化学技术在化工中的应用和发展进行了展望.     

Bifurcation of cavitation solutions for incompressible transversely isotropic hyper-elastic materials

In this paper, the bifurcation problem of void formation and growth in a solid circular cylinder, composed of an incompressible, transversely isotropic hyper-elastic material, under a uniform radial tensile boundary dead load and an axial stretch is examined. At first, the deformation of the cylinder, containing an undetermined parameter-the void radius, is given by using the condition of incompressibility of the material. Then the exact analytic formulas to determine the critical load and the bifurcation values for the parameter are obtained by solving the differential equation for the deformation function. Thus, an analytic solution for bifurcation problems in incompressible anisotropic hyper-elastic materials is obtained. The solution depends on the degree of anisotropy of the material. It shows that the bifurcation may occur locally to the right or to the left, depending on the degree of anisotropy, and the condition for the bifurcation to the right or to the left is discussed. The stress distributions subsequent to the cavitation are given and the jumping and concentration of stresses are discussed. The stability of solutions is discussed through comparison of the associated potential energies. The bifurcation to the left is a `snap cavitation'. The growth of a pre-existing void in the cylinder is also observed. The results for a similar problem in three dimensions were obtained by Polignone and Horgan.     

利用高分辨质谱鉴定鱼胶原蛋白粉中的 鱼源性成分

目的建立高分辨质谱鉴定鱼胶原蛋白粉中的鱼源性成分的分析方法。方法采用高分辨质谱对酶解后的胶原蛋白粉中的肽段进行全扫描分析,通过Max Quant软件分析比对,鉴定其中的成分来源。结果在市场上随机购买的四种胶原蛋白粉(肽)有三种均不同程度混有其他物种来源蛋白和其他蛋白,只有一种是纯鱼源性胶原蛋白。结论本方法对胶原蛋白中的成分来源成功进行了鉴定,为胶原蛋白的市场监督提供了高效、有力的技术支撑。     

用于农残检测的酶抑制生物传感器研究进展

有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类农药在农业生产中应用最广,长期大量使用此类农药对人类健康和生态环境造成了严重威胁,如何实现微痕量农药残留快速、高效的检测成为迫切需要解决的问题。酶抑制生物传感器具有灵敏度高、响应快速、结构简单、成本低廉等优点,在农药残留快速检测中与传统检测方法相比具有不可比拟的优势。本文综述了酶抑制生物传感器在农药残留检测方面的研究现状和特点,并对其在国家食品安全快速检测领域面临的问题和发展趋势进行了探讨。