Interpretations of open default theories in non-monotonic logics

It is shown that the translation of an open default into a modal formula x(L(x)LM ₁ (x)...LM _m (x)w(x)) gives rise to an embedding of open default systems into non-monotonic logics.     

Shallow circuits and concise formulae for multiple addition and multiplication

A theory is developed for the construction of carry-save networks with minimal delay, using a given collection of carry-save adders each of which may receive inputs and produce outputs using several different representation standards.The construction of some new carry-save adders is described. Using these carry-save adders optimally, as prescribed by the above theory, we get {, , }-circuits of depth 3.48 log₂ n and {, , }-circuits of depth 4.95 log₂ n for the carry-save addition ofn numbers of arbitrary length. As a consequence we get multiplication circuits of the same depth. These circuits put out two numbers whose sum is the result of the multiplication. If a single output number is required then the depth of the multiplication circuits increases respectively to 4.48 log₂ n and 5.95 log₂ n.We also get {, , }-formulae of sizeO (n ^3.13) and {, }-formulae of sizeO (n ^4.57) for all the output bits of a carry-save addition ofn numbers. As a consequence we get formulae of the same size for the majority function and many other symmetric Boolean functions.     

Configuration Maintenance for Distributed Applications Management

The MANDAS project has defined a layered architecture for the management of distributed applications. In this paper we examine a vertical slice of this architecture, namely the management applications and services related to configuration management. We introduce an information model which captures the configuration information for distributed applications and discuss a repository service based on the model. We define a set of services and management applications to support maintenance of configuration information, and describe how the different types of configuration information are collected. Finally, we present two management applications that use configuration information.     

Managing Laboratory Automation: Integration and Informatics in Drug Discovery

Drug discovery today requires the focused use of lab automation and other resources in Combinatorial Chemistry and High-Throughput Screening (HTS). The ultimate value of both Combinatorial Chemistry and High-Throughput Screening technologies and the lasting impact they will have on the drug discovery process is a chapter that remains to be written. Central to their success and impact is how well they are integrated with each other and with the rest of Drug Discovery - and Informatics is key to this success. This presentation will focus on Informatics and the integration of the disciplines of combinatorial chemistry and HTS in modern drug discovery. Examples from experiences at Neurogen from the last five years will be described.     

Polynomial eigenfunctions of the exchange operator on the Fermi sphere

A complete set of eigenfunctions of the exchange operator for the (quasiparticle) scattering on the Fermi sphere is developed. The functions are simultaneously bipolynomials in the Landau variables (q/p _F )² and cos _L and in the Abrikosov-Khalatnikov variables cos and cos of the same degree. A parametrization of the quasiparticle scattering amplitude with the aid of these functions includes thes, sp, and effective potential approximations as special cases but is completely general.     

Definition of the Linear Region of X-Ray -Induced Cable Response

Cable response to X-rays is linear with incident fluence, provided the deposited charge in cable dielectrics is directly proportional to the X-ray flux. To estimate the level at which the linear region ends, we discuss three nonlinear processes that modify the deposited charge profile in a hypothetical cable model: field-limiting in vacuum gaps, ionization effects in air-filled gaps, and radiation-induced dielectric conductivity. The exact level at which limiting of the Norton driver in an elemental length of cable begins depends on the cable geometry and the X-ray source. Estimates of the onset of nonlinearities caused by field-limiting and by dielectric conductivity are found in terms of cable and source parameters. With air-filled gaps, the Norton driver is always nonlinear. In addition to limiting of the Norton drivers, the load response of a long cable may be limited because propagating currents are attenuated by the induced conductivity of the bulk of the dielectric.     

Discrimination or favoritism? Sex bias in book reviews.

Studied 180 reviews of books written by male, female, or male and female authors to investigate sex bias. Half the books had been reviewed by males, half by females. Each review was rated separately for positive and negative elements. For positive elements, there was a significant interaction between author's and reviewer's sex: same-sex books were more favorably evaluated than other-sex books, while books of mixed authorship fell in between. There was no comparable interaction for negative elements. Reviewers of both sexes tended to find more negative elements in books by male than by female authors. It is concluded that unlike in studies employing hypothetical situations, in real-life settings each sex is biased in favor of itself. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Resistivity anomaly in thin Bi wires: Possibility of a one-dimensional quantum size effect

Thin Bi single-crystal wires down to ~0.2 m in diameter were prepared by pressing liquid Bi into fine Pyrex capillaries. Electron microphotographs were taken to determine the diameter of the wires. Anisotropic magnetoresistance together with Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations were observed at helium temperatures. An anomalous drop in resistivity (T) was found at T < 50 K. Possible explanations are considered, including one based on the quantum size effect.Work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy.     

On parsing two-level grammars

Summary Making use of the fact that two-level grammars (TLGs) may be thought of as finite specification of context-free grammars (CFGs) with infinite sets of productions, known techniques for parsing CFGs are applied to TLGs by first specifying a canonical CFG G — called skeleton grammar — obtained from the cross-reference of the TLG G. Under very natural restrictions it can be shown that for these grammar pairs (G, G) there exists a 1 — 1 correspondence between leftmost derivations in G and leftmost derivations in G. With these results a straightforward parsing algorithm for restricted TLGs is given.     

Systems programming for data communications on minicomputers

This paper examines some of the special considerations which apply to the development of such software for minicomputers. These are treated under the following general categories:

• loading and throughput
• the external interfaces of the system software
• the internal structure of the system software
• developing the software

.