建筑师想学什么?——从业建筑师问卷调查解析

建筑师的训练可以分为两个阶段:大学教育和再培训.在不同的阶段,所学习的重点也有所不同,大学课程注重基本功 的训练,而再培训阶段则不仅强调经验的积累,还重视基本修养的提高.本文依据一项问卷调查,分析总结了建筑师们 对于建筑教育的看法和评价     

Fabrication and Characterization of High-Bonding-Strength Al/Ti/Al-Laminated Composites via Cryorolling

Sandwich-like Al/Ti/Al-laminated composites have many advantages such as low density and high specific strength with value in mechanical manufacturing and aerospace engineering. Here, Al/Ti/Al-laminated composites were fabricated by hot roll bonding and subsequent processes: cryorolling(-190 ℃ and-100 ℃), cold rolling(25 ℃), and hot rolling(300 ℃). Their bonding strength and mechanical properties were then studied by an Autograph AGS-X universal electronic testing machine. The results show that cryorolling can improve the interface bonding strength and tensile strength of Al/Ti/Allaminated composites. For the Al/Ti/Al-laminated composites subjected to cryorolling at-100 ℃, they have the highest strength near 260 MPa—this is 48 MPa and 41 MPa higher than the laminated composites subjected to cold and hot rolling, respectively. These results also show the strongest peeling strength. Finally, the mechanisms of the enhancement of bonding strength and mechanical properties of Al/Ti/Al-laminated composites subjected to cryorolling were mainly discussed.     

A comparative study on the susceptibility of LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-100) and LiF:Mg,Cu,P (TLD-100H) to spurious signals in thermoluminescence dosimetry

It is well known that spurious signals can occur in thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD) whenever contaminants (i.e. dirt, oil, dust) are present on the surface of the TLD card or crystal during the read-out process. For TLD cards, the Teflon material can also contribute to the background noise and this contribution has been found to depend on the material's light absorption. These non-radiation-induced signals contribute to the total light output during TLD read-out and can lead to incorrect dosimetry especially for low-dose measurements such as personal dosimetry. However, these spurious signals are generally in the low-temperature channels and are mostly accompanied by abnormal glow curves. Most of the published reports dealing with this type of spurious TL signal are on the LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-100) material. The relatively new TLD material, LiF:Mg,Cu,P, is more sensitive and has higher signal-to-noise ratio than the traditional LiF:Mg,Ti. In this study, the effects of disturbing signals to the LiF:Mg,Cu,P (TLD-100H) cards used in personal dosimetry are investigated and compared with those of LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-100).     

In situ electronic characterization of graphene nanoconstrictions fabricated in a transmission electron microscope

We report electronic measurements on high-quality graphene nanoconstrictions (GNCs) fabricated in a transmission electron microscope (TEM), and the first measurements on GNC conductance with an accurate measurement of constriction width down to 1 nm. To create the GNCs, freely suspended graphene ribbons were fabricated using few-layer graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition. The ribbons were loaded into the TEM, and a current-annealing procedure was used to clean the material and improve its electronic characteristics. The TEM beam was then used to sculpt GNCs to a series of desired widths in the range 1-700 nm; after each sculpting step, the sample was imaged by TEM and its electronic properties were measured in situ. GNC conductance was found to be remarkably high, comparable to that of exfoliated graphene samples of similar size. The GNC conductance varied with width approximately as G(w)=(e2/h)w0.75, where w is the constriction width in nanometers. GNCs support current densities greater than 120 μA/nm2, 2 orders of magnitude higher than that which has been previously reported for graphene nanoribbons and 2000 times higher than that reported for copper.     

Shennan Road and the modernization of Shenzhen architecture

Shenzhen exemplifies the rapid development of urban planning and construction in China. Over the last 40 years, many representative urban spaces and buildings have been built on Shennan Road, the city's main east–west thoroughfare, which has witnessed the formation of a multicenter structural layout and the miraculous expansion of the city. Many iconic buildings were designed by Hong Kong or foreign architects. The continuous development along Shennan Road not only symbolizes the fruits of the reform and opening up policies of Shenzhen and even China, but also reflects the modern architectural history in Shenzhen. This study uses historical research methods to review the changes in the urban fabric and the design trends, as seen in representative buildings along Shennan Road in different periods. In addition to the transition path of the city center, the unique role of streets and buildings in the development of the urban structure is analyzed, and other urban functions and symbolic meanings are identified. This work contributes to the history and theory of the modernization of contemporary Chinese architecture.     

海外设计在中国(1978～2010)

我国的改革开放已经走过30多个年头外国建筑设计随着国门和经济开放涌入我国,对我国的城市景观和建筑业造成极大冲击和影响,这种冲击和影响有正面的也有负面的中国的外国建筑设计成了东方与西方,外国与中国科技文化论题的交汇点简要回顾30年来输入海外建筑设计的历程井讨论由此带来的各种现象和问题     

显卡散热器电磁辐射仿真和结构优化

针对显卡散热器设计越来越大,电磁干扰（Electromagnetic Interference,EMI）易超标的问题,采用ANSYS HFSS建立不同接地方式的某显卡散热器模型,分析所带来的辐射变化;计算散热器与PCB间的寄生参数,优化散热器形状来改变辐射方向,从而有效降低电磁辐射.在屏蔽暗室中进行测试验证,结果表明,优化后显存时钟基频辐射的峰值和准峰值远远小于优化前的值,使产品顺利通过CISPR22 Class B测试,并使该产品顺利、及时地上市.     

Reduction of off-flavor generation in soybean homogenates: a mathematical model

The generation of off-flavors in soybean homogenates such as n-hexanal via the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway can be a problem in the processed food industry. Previous studies have examined the effect of using soybean varieties missing one or more of the 3 LOX isozymes on n-hexanal generation. A dynamic mathematical model of the soybean LOX pathway using ordinary differential equations was constructed using parameters estimated from existing data with the aim of predicting how n-hexanal generation could be reduced. Time-course simulations of LOX-null beans were run and compared with experimental results. Model L(2), L(3), and L(12) beans were within the range relative to the wild type found experimentally, with L(13) and L(23) beans close to the experimental range. Model L(1) beans produced much more n-hexanal relative to the wild type than those in experiments. Sensitivity analysis indicates that reducing the estimated K(m) parameter for LOX isozyme 3 (L-3) would improve the fit between model predictions and experimental results found in the literature. The model also predicts that increasing L-3 or reducing L-2 levels within beans may reduce n-hexanal generation. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This work describes the use of mathematics to attempt to quantify the enzyme-catalyzed conversions of compounds in soybean homogenates into undesirable flavors, primarily from the compound n-hexanal. The effect of different soybean genotypes and enzyme kinetic constants was also studied, leading to recommendations on which combinations might minimize off-flavor levels and what further work might be carried out to substantiate these conclusions.