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991.
992.
To obtain sustainable growth in revenue and market share, many fashion brands deploy category extensions and line extensions. In this paper, we examine how different fashion brands in Europe, North America, and Asia execute their brand extension strategies over different periods. By classifying different fashion brands into four clusters according to different price points and fashion contents, we conduct a cross‐region and cross‐cluster analysis to examine how different fashion brands execute their brand extension strategies. Our analysis is based on publicly available data associated with 48 fashion brands over a 90‐year period. We discuss our findings along with managerial insights. 相似文献
993.
994.
Shang‐Ming Huang Yin‐Hsuan Chang Ya‐Chan Chao Jer‐An Lin Chi‐Hao Wu Ching‐Yi Lai Kung‐Chi Chan Shih‐Ting Tseng Gow‐Chin Yen 《Molecular nutrition & food research》2013,57(12):2264-2268
The receptor for advanced glycation of end products (RAGE) plays a critical role in the progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Soluble RAGE (sRAGE) is one of the RAGE variants, which acts as a decoy domain receptor and competes with RAGE, thus contributing to prevention of T2D. In this study, we conducted clinical trials of (–)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) rich green tea extract (300–900 mg/day) to investigate the effect of EGCG on relationship between S100A12 RAGE ligand and diverse sRAGE in T2D. Moreover, mechanism of sRAGE production also confirmed in vitro. Our data indicated that EGCG could stimulate sRAGE circulation but inhibited RAGE ligand in T2D, and ADAM10‐mediated ectodomain shedding of extracellular RAGE was mainly involved in EGCG‐stimulated sRAGE circulation. The present evidence indicates that EGCG has a potential to block S100A12‐RAGE axis by stimulating sRAGE production through ADAM10‐mediated ectodomain shedding of extracellular RAGE. Therefore, EGCG contributes to nutritional strategies for diabetes, not only because of its efficient antioxidant activity to scavenge free radicals, but also because of its ability stimulating sRAGE release in the circulation. Additionally, ADAM10‐induced ectodomain shedding of extracellular RAGE leading to sRAGE circulation should be a potential of passive mechanism of sRAGE production to block S100A12‐RAGE axis‐related pathogenesis of proinflammation and diabetes. 相似文献
995.
Annie W. Y. Cheung James M. Brosnan Trevor Phister Katherine A. Smart 《Journal of the Institute of Brewing》2012,118(2):152-162
Scotch whisky fermentations typically employ high‐gravity fermentation practices to maximize product formation and to minimize both energy and water inputs. This approach increases ethanol concentrations at the end of fermentation, creating stressful conditions for the yeast. In this work we examined the relative tolerance of four Saccharomyces cerevisiae distilling yeast strains, supplied in dried, creamed, cake or slurry format, to ethanol under CO2‐induced anaerobic conditions. The cells were assessed for their capacity to recover and grow on inhibition spot plates and to maintain cell viability in ethanol‐dosed suspensions. Variations in ethanol tolerance were observed between strains and between the same strain supplied in different formats. The creamed yeast format typically exhibited a higher tolerance to ethanol. One possible explanation for this observation is that cells surviving the dehydration and rehydration process might incur sub‐lethal genome damage. Thus the genetic integrity of the most ethanol‐tolerant strain was assessed as a function of supply format (two dried and one creamed). The mitochondrial DNA was examined using mitochondrial restriction fragment length polymorphism and the chromosomal DNA using pulsed field gel electrophoresis and polymerase chain reaction with both ITS and delta‐specific primers. In one dried yeast sample, genetic integrity was compromised, highlighting the requirement for yeast intake quality assurance programmes. Copyright © 2012 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling 相似文献
996.
997.
Ya‐Hui Hsieh Han‐Tsung Wang Jih‐Tay Hsu Ching‐Yi Chen 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2013,93(11):2758-2764
998.
Ru‐Huei Fu Shih‐Ping Liu Ching‐Liang Chu Ya‐Hsien Lin Yu‐Chen Ho Shao‐Chih Chiu Wei‐Yong Lin Woei‐Cherng Shyu Shinn‐Zong Lin 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2013,93(1):76-84
BACKGROUND: Myricetin is a naturally occurring flavonoid that is found in many fruits, vegetables, teas and medicinal herbs. It has been demonstrated to have anti‐inflammatory properties, but, to date, no studies have described the immunomodulatory effects of myricetin on the functions of dendritic cells (DCs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential for myricetin to modulate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated activation of mouse bone marrow‐derived DCs. RESULTS: Our experimental data showed that treatment with myricetin up to 10 µg mL−1 does not cause cytotoxicity in cells. Myricetin significantly decreased the secretion of tumour necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐6 and interleukin‐12p70 by LPS‐stimulated DCs. The expression of LPS‐induced major histocompatibility class II, CD40 and CD86 on DCs was also inhibited by myricetin, and the endocytic and migratory capacity of LPS‐stimulated DCs was blocked by myricentin. In addition, LPS‐stimulated DC‐elicited allogeneic T‐cell proliferation was reduced by myricetin. Moreover, our results confirmed that myricetin attenuates the responses of LPS‐stimulated activation of DCs via suppression of IκB kinase/nuclear factor‐κB and mitogen‐activated protein kinase‐dependent pathways. CONCLUSION: Myricetin has novel immunopharmacological activity, and modulation of DCs by myricetin may be an attractive strategy for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, and for transplantation. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
999.
Ching L Hii Chung L Law Michael Cloke Suzannah Sharif 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2011,91(2):239-246
BACKGROUND: Various studies have been conducted in the past to improve the quality of Malaysian cocoa beans. However, the processing methods still remain crude and lack technological advancement. In terms of drying, no previous study has attempted to apply advanced drying technology to improve bean quality. This paper presents the first attempt to improve the quality of cocoa beans through heat pump drying using constant air (28.6 and 40.4 °C) and stepwise (step‐up 30.7–43.6–56.9 °C and step‐down 54.9–43.9 °C) drying profiles. Comparison was made against hot air drying at 55.9 °C. RESULTS: Product quality assessment showed significant improvement in the quality of Malaysian cocoa beans. Quality was found to be better in terms of lower acidity (higher pH) and higher degree of browning (cut test) for cocoa beans dried using the step‐up profile. All heat pump‐dried samples showed flavour quality comparable to that of Ghanaian and better than that of Malaysian and Indonesian commercial samples. Step‐up‐dried samples showed the best flavour profile with high level of cocoa flavour, low in sourness and not excessive in bitterness and astringency. CONCLUSION: Dried cocoa samples from the step‐up drying profile showed the best overall quality as compared with commercial samples from Malaysia, Indonesia and Ghana. The improvement of Malaysian cocoa bean quality is thus achievable through heat pump drying. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
1000.
Liang‐Chih Liu Chau‐Jong Wang Ching‐Chih Lee Sheng‐Chi Su Huei‐Lin Chen Jen‐Dong Hsu Huei‐Jane Lee 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2010,90(2):329-337
BACKGROUND: Acetaminophen (AAP)‐induced oxidative stress can cause cell death to induce liver damage. The antioxidant effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (HS) was shown in previous studies. In this study the effect of HS extract (HSE) on AAP‐induced liver injury in BALB/c mice was investigated. RESULTS: In vivo, BALB/c mice were fed orally with 200, 400 or 600 mg kg−1 HSE for 2 weeks and then injected with 1000 mg kg−1 AAP. Pretreatment with HSE decreased lipid peroxidation and increased catalase activity and glutathione level. It also decreased AAP‐induced liver injury, accompanied by decreased expression of pJNK, Bax and tBid in the liver. Additionally, HSE protected BALB/c normal liver cells from AAP‐induced damage in vitro. CONCLUSION: It has been demonstrated that HSE can protect the mouse liver from AAP‐induced injury and that the protective mechanism might involve decreasing oxidative stress and reducing cell death. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献