SF_6断路器喷口形状尺寸对烧蚀的影响及喷口设计方法探讨

本文着重分析了断路器喷口的形状尺寸,喷口内气动参数对其烧蚀的影响。根据喷口的经验数据和气流场的计算公式,总结出断路器喷口设计的估算方法。     

微机电测计量管理系统

微机电测计量管理系统是在IBM-PC兼容机上利用DBASE Ⅲ关系型数据库开发的电测计量管理系统的应用程序。整个程序为模块结构,用中文菜单提示,人机对话十分方便。     

导流管喷动床流体动力特性的实验研究

对以小米为物料的常规喷动床及导流管喷动床全床压降随表观气速变化规律进行了实验研究．结果表明，与常规喷动床相比，导流管喷动床不仅最小喷动速度、操作压降和最大压降均大幅减小，而且夹带高度较小时会在达到稳定喷动之前发生有利于操作的不稳定喷动现象．此外，导流管喷动床的流体动力特性受料床高度影响不大，但受导流管内径和夹带高度的影响显著．最后，依据实验结果提出了导流管喷动床最小喷动速度的关联式．     

Evolution of hydrothermal explosions at Rehai geothermal field, Tengchong volcanic region, China

During the period 1993–2003 over 20 hydrothermal eruptions occurred at Rehai geothermal field, in Tengchong volcanic region, Yunnan Province, southwestern China. Initially, the explosions occurred on the bed of the Zaotang River, and later along a NW–SE striking fault cross-cutting the river. The explosion activity intensified with time. The free gas samples collected from springs created by the explosions show ³He/⁴He ratios of 1.17, 2.22 and 4.05 Ra (Ra = 1.4 × 10⁻⁶) for the three distinguishable stages of ever-increasing magnitude of the explosions, respectively. Data on helium isotopes and gas chemistry indicate that the source of the gases feeding the explosions has progressively shifted from shallower to greater depth. Following this trend, larger hydrothermal explosions will probably occur in the future, so that this hazard must be taken into serious consideration.     

Forecast and evaluation of hot dry rock geothermal resource in China

Utilizing information from plate tectonics characteristics, volcanic activities, and geothermal anomaly, this paper identifies areas where hot dry rock (HDR) may exist as potential geothermal resource in China. Further investigations are also carried out in the paper based on results from regional tectonics, volcanic geology and lithology, as well as data from geothermal displays, geochemistry, geophysics, and shallow borehole temperature measurements. The study reveals several promising areas of HDR geothermal resource in China, including Tengchong of Yunnan province, Qiongbei of Hainan province, Changbaishan of Jilin province, Wudalianchi of Heilongjiang province, and the Southern Tibet area. A 3D static heat conduction model was developed to study the underground temperature gradient characteristics of the Rehai geothermal field in Tengchong and the Yangbajing geothermal field in Tibet. The model adopted is a geological block 10 km deep from the ground surface and 50 km wide in each of the horizontal directions (2500 km² area). The numerical simulation results in evaluations on the quantities of the HDR geothermal resource in Rehai and Yangbajing geothermal fields. The paper shows that there is abundant HDR geothermal resource with large exploitation value in China. If developed with a power capacity of 1×10⁸ kW, the Rehai and Yangbajing fields along would be able to generate electricity for 1560 years.     

埋地换热器放热工况的现场运行实验研究

结合一地源热泵示范工程，建立了垂直竖井与地基桩单U型管埋地换热器联合使用的地源热泵系统的综合性能实验装置。通过对一个夏季长期间歇运行测试数据的分析，发现地下各个测点的温度上升幅度各不相同；桩埋管的热作用半径至少为2．5m，井埋管的热作用半径至少为2m；在相同的工况条件下，桩埋管的放热率大于井埋管。     

有机层厚度对OLED性能的影响

采用真空蒸发的方法制备出玻璃衬底ITO／TPD／Alq／A1结构的有机发光器件(OLED)。改变有机层的厚度, 比较不同厚度下OLED的各项性能的差异,包括工作电压,发光效率。实验发现无论增大空穴传输层TPD的厚度 抑或是发光层Alq的厚度都会增大器件的工作电压。发光层Alq厚度的增大还能引起发光效率的增大,而TPD厚 度的增大对发光效率的影响则是复杂的。对于上述现象用隧穿理论以及直带模型进行了解释。对制备高亮度, 高效率低损耗的OLED具有指导意义。     

Thermodynamic analysis of representative power generation cycles for low‐to‐medium temperature applications

This study is focused on the analysis of representative thermodynamic cycles for power generation at low‐to‐medium temperatures (with the highest cycle temperature from 450 to 700 K). The natural working fluid of carbon dioxide is selected for the current tests and comparisons with suitable operation ranges. Energy balance and exergy loss models are established and applied to 10 selected representative thermodynamic cycles. One modified efficiency parameter is also defined for better comparison of performances, which has considered the effects of both specific thermodynamic process and cycle complexity. Based on the modified efficiency parameter, it is found that Rankine cycle yields the highest performance at 450–500 K among the 10 representative cycles, while regenerative Brayton cycle shows better behavior for 550–700 K. Detailed behaviors and optimal principals of regenerative Brayton cycles are also identified and compared in this study. Also, a new cycle is also proposed in this study, which combines the advantages of Rankine cycle and Brayton cycle. The new cycle is proved to have better work output potential but higher system complexity factor. In addition, based on the thermodynamic analysis, possible future directions of low‐to‐medium temperature power cycles are summarized. It is hoped that the results can be of help for related power generation system designs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An evaluation of enhanced oil recovery strategies for a heavy oil reservoir after cold production with sand

Cold heavy oil production with sand (CHOPS) is the process of choice for unconsolidated heavy oil reservoirs with relatively high gas content. The key challenge of CHOPS is that the recovery factor tends to be between 5% and 15%, implying that the majority of the oil remains in the ground after the process is rendered uneconomic. Continued cold production (without sands) is not productive for a post‐CHOPS reservoir because of the low oil saturation and depleted reservoir pressure in the wormhole regions. There is a need to develop viable recovery processes for post‐CHOPS reservoirs. Here, different follow‐up processes are examined for a post‐CHOPS heavy oil reservoir. In post‐CHOPS cold water flooding, severe water channeling is ineffective at displacing high viscosity heavy oil. Hot water flooding improves the sweep efficiency and produces more oil compared with cold water flooding. However, the swept region is limited to the domain between the neighboring wormhole networks, and the energy efficiency of the process is relatively poor. Compared with the hot water flooding case, steam flooding achieves higher oil production rates and lower water use. A cyclic steam stimulation strategy achieves the best performance regarding oil production rates and water usage. Based on our results, it is observed that thermally based techniques alone are not capable to recover the oil economically for post‐CHOPS reservoirs. However, it is suggested that techniques with combined use of thermal energy and solvent could potentially yield efficient oil recovery methods for these reservoirs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

废热锅炉的设计

废热锅炉是国内某合成氨/尿素工程项目中的主要设备,这台设备的工艺包及工艺计算为国外某知名废热锅炉制造商提供,哈锅负责对其进行强度设计及产品制造。本文对废热锅炉的选材、结构设计、设计计算以及制造等问题进行较详细的论述和分析。