Technische Möglichkeiten und Akzeptanz mobiler Anwendungen

Mobile data communication applications, referred to in this paper as mobile applications, were one of the technological innovation and investment targets in recent years. From the past it became obvious that mono-disciplinary approaches to investigate mobile applications have shortcomings when it comes to successful innovation and investment decisions as interdependencies are insufficiently addressed. The paper therefore aims at structuring the scientific contributions of computer science, business economics and sociology in the context of mobile applications to approximate a holistic understanding comprising technological feasibility, economic opportunities and human needs.     

SMART(R)/ASTC技术在连铸冶金操作和经济诸方面的效益

与SMART~(R)扇形段技术配合使用的自动控制铸坯锥度(ASTC)的发展和应用,减少了中心偏析,使铸坯内部质量得到明显改进。遥控调整辊缝锥度和动态轻压下的应用,也能满足瞬间浇铸条件的特殊要求。到2003年5月止,在芬兰、美国、意大利、奥地利、韩国和中国共有9台11流板坯连铸机使用SMART~(R)/ASTC技术进行操作。另外,还有7台18流其它类型的连铸也已订购采用这项技术。SMART~(R)/ASTC技术对于在板坯和大方坯连铸机上浇铸所有的钢种都很理想。在大方坯连铸机上应用的实例是计划安装在中国攀枝花钢铁集团的6流大方坯连铸机。     

Constellation Rearrangement: Enhancement for Multilevel Modulation Formats and Transmit Diversity

Radio link adaptivity will be a key feature of the air interfaces of future mobile communication systems. This adaptivity includes techniques such as fast scheduling, hybrid ARQ, transmit diversity and adaptive modulation and coding. The performance of adaptive modulation generally suffers from the power inefficiencies of multilevel modulation formats. This is due to the variations in bit reliabilities caused by the bit-mapping onto the signal constellation. This article presents a concept, called constellation rearrangement (CoRe), which improves the multilevel modulation power efficiency by the joint application with transmit diversity schemes. It is shown by a theoretical analysis for 16-QAM that the presented concept can equalize variations in bit reliabilities by employing different mapping rules for the transmission over the diversity branches. This significantly improves the receiver block error rate performance and, hence, the performance of the adaptive modulation and coding. This is proven by simulations at link-level in a multicarrier CDMA system for AWGN and fading channels employing turbo coded transmission.     

Tip loss corrections for wind turbine computations

As an essential ingredient in the blade element momentum theory, the tip loss effect of rotors plays an important role in the prediction of wind turbine performance. Various tip loss corrections based on the Prandtl tip loss function are analysed in the article. Comparisons with measurements and theoretical analyses show that existing tip loss correction models are inconsistent and fail to predict correctly the physical behaviour in the proximity of the tip. A new tip loss correction model is proposed that remedies the inconsistency. Comparisons between numerical and experimental data show that the new model results in much better predictions of the loading in the tip region. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Lower and upper bounds for the mixed capacitated arc routing problem

This paper presents a linear formulation, valid inequalities, and a lower bounding procedure for the mixed capacitated arc routing problem (MCARP). Moreover, three constructive heuristics and a memetic algorithm are described. Lower and upper bounds have been compared on two sets of randomly generated instances. Computational results show that the average gaps between lower and upper bounds are 0.51% and 0.33%, respectively.     

Calorimetric and rheological study of isocyanate–pyrolysis oil blends

The reaction of polymethylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI) with pyrolysis oils (PO) was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and rheology. Chemical reactions between pMDI and PO occur under 100°C, as shown in DSC scans. DSC analysis showed that the peak temperature of the reaction decreased as the PO content of the PO–pMDI blends increased. The heat of reaction is at its maximum around 30–40% PO content. A rheological study of various PO–pMDI blends was done to evaluate the evolution of viscosity with time for different PO–pMDI hybrid mixtures. The initial viscosity of the blends is directly proportional to the PO content. An exponential increase of viscosity was demonstrated for all PO–pMDI mixtures. Rheological and chemical analysis results confirmed that chemical reactions occur between pMDI and PO at room temperature. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 1362–1370, 2003     

Effects of Age and Awareness on Eyeblink Conditional Discrimination Learning.

The present study aimed to assess the effects of aging and awareness on conditional discrimination learning within an eyeblink conditioning procedure by using a consecutive age-groups design (20-35 years, 36-50 years, 51-65 years, 66-80 years). Increasing age was associated with a decline in overall eyeblink conditioned response (CR) frequency and a deficit in conditional discrimination learning in the 2 older groups. Awareness of stimulus contingencies affected discrimination performance but not overall CR rates in younger subjects. Older subjects did not achieve eyeblink conditional discrimination learning, regardless of awareness. Discrimination performance correlated with measures of declarative memory. The pattern of results is discussed with respect to the involvement of hippocampal-cerebellar interactions and awareness in the mediation of age-related conditioning changes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Parallel kinematic concept for stationary high performance cutting in wood machining centers

In recent years parallel kinematic machines for wood machining have come into use more frequently. Despite first promising prototypes, these machines are single solutions for specific applications. To meet the requirements of shorter product life cycles and higher product diversity, high flexibility is demanded of the machining system. This paper presents a new wood machining center obtaining both, the reduction of the primary and secondary processing times. The machine concept, based on a parallel kinematic structure, allows high operating speeds and accelerations not only for workpiece machining but also for handling. Thus, the machine can be used without any external handling devices. The kinematic structure originates from a plane closed five-bar chain with two linear drives and additional drive axes for stroke and rotation. In order to increase the useable workspace a continuous motion between different assembly modes is realized. To guarantee a high feed rate and to minimize set-up times, an optimized dust exhaustion is included.     

Banning banking in EU emissions trading?

Admitting banking in emissions trading systems reduces overall compliance costs by allowing for inter-temporal flexibility: cost savings can be traded over time. However, unless individual EU Member States (MS) decide differently, the transfer of unused allowances from the period of 2005–2007 into the first commitment period under the Kyoto Protocol, i.e. 2008–2012, will be prohibited. In this paper, we first explore the implications of such a ban on banking when initial emission targets are lenient. This analysis is based on a simulation which was recently carried out in Germany with companies and with a student control group. The findings suggest that a EU-wide ban on banking would lead to efficiency losses in addition to those losses which arise from the lack of inter-temporal flexibility. Second, we use simple game-theoretic considerations to argue that, under reasonable assumptions, such a EU-wide ban on banking will be the equilibrium outcome. Thus, to avoid a possible prisoners’ dilemma, MS should have co-ordinated their banking decisions.