非织造布表面形貌可控氧化锌纳米粒子的构筑

为制备分散性良好的氧化锌(ZnO)复合光催化材料,采用一步法混合聚丙烯纺粘非织造布(PPEN)和锌铵溶液,通过直接沉淀法负载具有不同形貌和光催化性能的氧化锌纳米粒子。借助扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、热重分析仪及紫外-可见漫反射光谱仪考察反应温度对样品微观形貌、分散性、结晶性、热稳定性和光催化性的影响。结果表明:经75 ℃处理后棒状ZnO微米粒子均匀包覆在非织造布表面;经75 ℃处理得到的PPFN/ZnO复合材料较60、90 ℃在X射线衍射特征峰处有着更尖锐的峰型,结晶度为88.0%,其最大降解温度由287.2 ℃提高到392.9 ℃,增加了105.7 ℃;对亚甲基蓝染料光催化降解8 h后降解率达到96.04%。     

The study of Au/MoS2 anode catalyst for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) using H2S-containing syngas fuel

Au/MoS₂ is a promising anode catalyst for conversion of all components of H₂S-containing syngas in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). MoS₂-supported nano-Au particles have catalytic activity for conversion of CO when syngas is used as fuel in SOFC systems, thus preventing poisoning of MoS₂ active sites by CO. In contrast to use of MoS₂ as anode catalyst, performance of Au/MoS₂ anode catalyst improves when CO is present in the feed. Current density over 600 mA cm⁻² and maximum power density over 70 mW cm⁻² were obtained at 900 °C, showing that Au/MoS₂ could be potentially used as sulfur-tolerant catalyst in fuel cell applications.     

南美白对虾微冻贮藏期间蛋白质品质变化及预测模型的建立

以南美白对虾为原料,研究微冻条件(-3 ℃)下不同贮藏时间其肌肉蛋白质品质特性的变化,利用相关蛋白质指标建立径向基函数神经预测模型。结果表明:与新鲜虾样品相比,在微冻贮藏30 d后,表面疏水性、羰基含量、TCA溶解肽、肌原纤维小片化指数、疏水相互作用力、二硫键含量分别显著上升到(68.12 ± 0.19)μg,(2.02 ± 0.08)nmol/mg pro,(6.29 ± 0.14)μmol酪氨酸/g肌肉,55.11 ± 2.79,(7.82 ± 0.17)mg/mL,(5.77 ± 0.06)mg/mL;Ca2+-ATPase、总巯基含量、离子键、氢键含量、内源荧光强度分别显著下降到(0.13 ± 0.13)U/mg pro,(68.45 ± 0.47)μmol/g pro,(3.12 ± 0.48)mg/mL,(1.67 ± 0.14)mg/mL,579.71± 20.67,使虾肌肉蛋白质发生不同程度的变性、氧化和降解,蛋白质的三级结构发生变化。电泳结果表明,贮藏时间延长,大分子质量蛋白质发生降解。建立的径向基函数神经预测模型的预测值和试验值之间的误差均在±10%内,表明该模型可以较好地预测微冻贮藏过程中南美白对虾肌肉蛋白质品质的变化。     

基础设施PPP 项目实物期权界定与分析

PPP 项目自身特点决定了项目运作过程中需要更为弹性的决策管理方法。实物期权方法更加重视弹性决策的价值问题,它可以用来对由未来变化决定的项目、不确定性大的项目以及需要战略修正的项目等进行评价。在PPP 项目运作程序分析的基础上,分阶段界定了PPP 项目的实物期权类型和实物期权的拥有人;并且从PPP 项目全寿命期的角度认为所有参与者拥有的是一个非常复杂的多重复合期权,给出了PPP 项目全寿命期实物期权分析路径图,以帮助管理者在项目运作过程中进行弹性决策。本研究是PPP 项目价值评估的基础工作,同时也是PPP 项目全寿命期风险管理的有力工具。使得实物期权在PPP 项目实践中更具操作性。     

一种有效计算有耗分层媒质中格林函数的方法

以两层平面分层媒质为例,讨论了不同情况下空域格林函数的计算方法,指出了有耗平面分层媒质情况下传统方法的缺点,提出采用二维离散复像法(2D-DCIM)处理有耗平面分层媒质中的格林函数,并对积分路径做了相关要求,得到了同时包含场点纵坐标z和源点纵坐标z′及场源点横向距离ρ的格林函数的空域闭式表达式。所得结果与数值积分法的结果吻合良好,证实了该文方法的正确性。     

A novel approach for building occupancy simulation

Building occupancy is an important basic factor in building energy simulation but it is hard to represent due to its temporal and spatial stochastic nature. This paper presents a novel approach for building occupancy simulation based on the Markov chain. In this study, occupancy is handled as the straightforward result of occupant movement processes which occur among the spaces inside and outside a building. By using the Markov chain method to simulate this stochastic movement process, the model can generate the location for each occupant and the zone-level occupancy for the whole building. There is no explicit or implicit constraint to the number of occupants and the number of zones in the model while maintaining a simple and clear set of input parameters. From the case study of an office building, it can be seen that the model can produce realistic occupancy variations in the office building for a typical workday with key statistical properties of occupancy such as the time of morning arrival and night departure, lunch time, periods of intermediate walking-around, etc. Due to simplicity, accuracy and unrestraint, this model is sufficient and practical to simulate occupancy for building energy simulations and stochastic analysis of building heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems.     

背压对敞口型旋流喷嘴液膜特性影响的数值研究

背压对空气物性影响较大,使喷嘴液膜受到的气动力发生大幅变化。采用计算流体力学（Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD）方法对比3种常见液体工质和3种喷嘴尺寸,研究背压对雾化锥角、液膜厚度、旋流强度、液膜表面自激励不稳定性以及液膜形态的影响。结果表明：雾化锥角随背压增加而减小,其中部分喷嘴当背压达到某定值后,雾化锥角小幅波动;选用正庚烷或正十二烷为工质时,液膜厚度随背压增加而增加,达到一定背压后,3种液体液膜厚度呈小幅波动;旋流强度随背压变化无明显规律性;液膜自激励不稳定性随背压增加而降低;因水的表面张力较大,各雾化参数较为稳定;液膜形态与韦伯数呈明显规律性,背压越小韦伯数越大,液膜形态也更趋近于完美圆锥形;以正十二烷为工质时,其液膜形态在大背压下明显收缩,呈洋葱形,其余工质的液膜形态随背压增加,均逐渐从空心圆锥转变为郁金香形。     

烟囱阴影下风力增压式太阳能烟囱电站性能探究

文章以西班牙太阳能烟囱电站为原型,采用太阳射线追踪法加载太阳辐射,对太阳能烟囱电站和风力增压型太阳能烟囱电站进行三维数值模拟,探讨烟囱阴影下系统的流场特性和太阳入射角度对系统性能的影响。研究结果表明:烟囱阴影区蓄热层表面、集热棚表面温度突降,导致热气流与蓄热层表面、集热棚表面进行对流换热,造成热量损失;随着太阳入射角增加,系统轴功率和集热棚效率均明显下降;风力增压装置形成的出口负压可以削弱阴影所造成的气流掺混等不利影响,因而风力增压型太阳能烟囱电站涡轮机轴功率的变化幅度相对常规太阳能烟囱电站较为平缓。     

Effects of Various Geometric Features on the Performance of a 7:1 Pressure Ratio Deeply Scalloped and Split Radial Turbine in a Gas Turbine Engine

A 2 MW gas turbine engine has been developed for the distributed power market.This engine features a 7:1 pressure ratio radial inflow turbine.In this paper,influences of various geometry features are investigated including turbine tip and backface clearances.In addition to the clearances,the effects of the inducer deep scallop and exducer rounded trailing edge are investigated.Finally,geometric features associated with a split rotor(separate inducer and exducer)are studied.These geometry features are investigated numerically using CFD.Part of the numerical results is also compared to experimental data acquired during engine test to validate the CFD results.