Development of a counselor verbal response category.

Developed a counselor response category system for measuring counselor verbal behavior by incorporating components from 11 existing systems, refining the categories after use, and having experts match examples to the definitions. The resulting system had 17 mutually exclusive categories, which had at least minimal face and content validity. In rating 3,866 counselor response units from 12 personal/emotional intake sessions, the category system resulted in high agreement levels between 3 judges. An analysis of the agreement levels for individual categories led to a revised 14-category system: minimal encourager, approval-reassurance, information, direct guidance, closed question, open question, restatement, reflection, nonverbal referent, interpretation, confrontation, self-disclosure, silence, and other. (11 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effects of reflection, restatement, probe, and nonverbal behaviors on client affect.

Examined the effects of counselor verbal behavior (reflections, probes, and restatements) and nonverbal behavior (presence or absence of nodding and smiling) on the verbal responses of 48 undergraduates. Each S participated in a half-hour counseling session which was divided into 4 time periods (baseline, counselor intervention, baseline, and counselor intervention). It was observed that probes resulted in more discussion of feelings than did either reflections or restatements. Nonverbal behavior did not affect discussion of feelings. Possible reasons for the effectiveness of the probe are considered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Applying the Collaborative Study Psychotherapy Rating Scale to rate therapist adherence in cognitive-behavior therapy, interpersonal therapy, and clinical management.

Adherence of therapists to behaviors specified in cognitive-behavior therapy, interpersonal therapy, and clinical management manuals was studied. Raters used the Collaborative Study Psychotherapy Rating Scale (CSPRS) to rate therapist adherence in each of 4 sessions from 180 patients in the treatment phase of the National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Collaboration Research Program. Results indicate that therapists exhibited more behaviors appropriate to their own respective treatment approaches than to other treatment approaches. In fact, the 3 treatments could be discriminated almost perfectly using the CSPRS. Analysis of the psychometric properties of the CSPRS revealed high interrater reliability and high internal consistency. However, a 5-component structure extracted from the intercorrelations of the CSPRS items was substantially different from a 5-factor structure found in an earlier study. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Sexual attraction toward clients, use of supervision, and prior training: A qualitative study of predoctoral psychology interns.

Interviews were conducted with 13 predoctoral psychology interns about an experience of sexual attraction toward a client, use of supervision to address the sexual attraction, and prior training regarding sexual attraction. Results indicated that sexual attraction to clients consisted of physical and interpersonal aspects. Therapists believed they were more invested and attentive than usual to clients to whom they were sexually attracted, and they indicated that sexual attraction created distance, distraction, and loss of objectivity. In terms of supervision, only half of the participants disclosed their sexual attraction to supervisors, and supervisors seldom initiated the discussion. Furthermore, trainees found it helpful when supervisors normalized the sexual attraction and provided the opportunity to explore feelings in supervision. Finally, trainees believed their training programs did not adequately address therapist sexual attraction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Isoparametric finite element analysis for solid rocket motors

Several large scale finite element computerprograms have been written for the stress analysis of solid propellant rocket motors during the past several years. The displacement formulation is employed, and continuum and shell elements are coupled together along the idealized interface of the grain or insulation and the motor case. However, since the continuum elements exhibit a linear variation in displacements along each edge, and the shell elements have a cubic variation in displacements along their length, gaps can develop at the common interface of a coupled continuum and shell element. This incompatibility may lead to errors in stress predictions at a very important area in the solid rocket motor, the case/liner or case/ grain bondline.

In this present paper, the problem of grain/case finite element incompatibility is addressed within the framework of the conventional displacement formulation. Both the shell elements and the continuum elements are derived from the same quadratic isoparametric shape function, yielding finite element idealizations which are totally compatible along the interface of a continuum and shell element. A numerical example is presented which shows the differences between the present compatible formulation and the conventional incompatible formulations.     

Dynamic analysis of structures containing nonlinear springs

An efficient algorithm is presented for the solution of the dynamics problem of a linear structure containing springs with nonlinear force-deflection characteristics. The method is based upon the Newmark Direct Integrator, and uses an iterative procedure in each time step to account for the nonlinear spring behavior. Convergence criteria are derived for the iteration.     

Nonverbal communication and counseling outcome.

Nonverbal abilities and behaviors and verbal–nonverbal (VB–NVB) congruence of both counselor and client were studied in relation to judgments by counselors and clients of counseling outcome. 40 university students were clients; 20 counseling or clinical psychology graduate students were counselors. 40 counseling dyads were videotaped during 30-min counseling sessions. NVB abilities were assessed by the Profile of Nonverbal Sensitivity and an encoding task. Raters judged the presence of 7 NVB behaviors for each 5-sec segment of the videotaped session. Congruence was measured through postsession recall by counselor and client of consistency of feelings expressed through VB and NVB channels of communication. Only VB–NVB congruence was significantly related to outcome, suggesting that the NVB dimension is important primarily as it interacts with the VB dimension. Recommendations are made for use of new methodologies in future research to examine the complex interactions involving NVB communication. (41 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Fluorescence quenching of the europium tetracycline hydrogen peroxide complex by copper (II) and other metal ions

The europium-tetracycline complex [Eu(Tc)] is known to show only weak fluorescence with an emission maximum at 615 nm. On addition of hydrogen peroxide (HP), the strongly fluorescent [Eu(Tc)(HP)] complex is formed, which displays a 15-fold stronger luminescence intensity. This study describes the decrease in luminescence intensity of the [Eu(Tc)(HP)] complex in aqueous solution in the presence of Cu2+, Fe3+, Ag+, Al3+, Zn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. Static and dynamic quenching can be induced by Cu2+, and these processes were quantified by means of their quenching constants. Stern-Volmer plots were also derived from lifetime imaging measurements accomplished by the rapid lifetime determination (RLD) technique based on microwell plate assays, and also by the time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) technique. According to those data, a time-resolved fluorescent method for copper determination can be proposed that is based on dynamic quenching of the [Eu(Tc)(HP)] complex by Cu2+ ions. The response to copper concentrations is linear up to 1.6 micromol L(-1), providing a detection limit of 0.2 micromol L(-1).     

Bread staling assessment of enzyme-supplemented pan breads by dynamic and static deformation measurements

Dynamic mechanical analysis and thermal mechanical analysis techniques were used in order to evaluate the effect of amylolytic-, non-amylolytic- and gluten-cross-linking enzymes on the viscoelastic properties of fresh and stored pan breads. The relationships between dynamic and static compression measurements in bread staling characterization and the correlations between sensory firmness and thermomechanical properties were also investigated. Rheological changes in bread associated with recipe and storage time were successfully detected via dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DTMA) in the compression mode. Relationships between the dynamic (DTMA) and static (texture analysis) methods were found. All the bread quality indicators measured by static methods were negatively correlated with the viscoelastic dynamic parameters.     

Are Chemical Compounds Important for Soybean Resistance to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anticarsia gemmatalis</Emphasis>?

The identification and quantification of flavonoids (rutin and genistin) present in extracts of soybean genotypes, and their effects on the biology and physiology of Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lep.: Noctuidae) were studied. Analysis of covariance and bicoordinate utilization plots were used to remove the effect of feeding time from pupal weight and consumption as well as to separate pre- and postingestive effects of treatment on A. gemmatalis growth. Genotypes PI 274454, PI 227687, and “IAC-100” extracts in general, caused higher mortality, negatively influenced initial larval and pupal weight, and elongated larval cycle. Larvae fed on the “IAC-100” extract diet ingested larger amounts of food per unit of time, but were less efficient in its conversion to biomass. Leaf extracts of PI 227687 had the largest concentration of rutin (quercitin 3-O-rhamnosylglucoside), followed by PI 274454, and “IAC-100”; PI 74454 also had the highest genistin (genistein 7-O-glucoside) content. The susceptible cultivar “BR-16” showed only a kaempferol-based flavonoid in its chemical profile, indicating that after successive crosses, secondary compounds responsible for plant defenses were eliminated. Genotypes PI 274454, PI 227687, and “IAC-100” showed accentuated resistance characteristics and were considered inadequate sources for the development of A. gemmatalis. Considering rutin and genistin concentration in these genotypes, it is suggested that flavonoids are important factors conferring resistance to A. gemmatalis.