全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4848篇 |
免费 | 187篇 |
国内免费 | 16篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 49篇 |
综合类 | 3篇 |
化学工业 | 897篇 |
金属工艺 | 125篇 |
机械仪表 | 132篇 |
建筑科学 | 220篇 |
矿业工程 | 19篇 |
能源动力 | 153篇 |
轻工业 | 392篇 |
水利工程 | 53篇 |
石油天然气 | 15篇 |
无线电 | 327篇 |
一般工业技术 | 852篇 |
冶金工业 | 1155篇 |
原子能技术 | 53篇 |
自动化技术 | 606篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 61篇 |
2022年 | 87篇 |
2021年 | 114篇 |
2020年 | 119篇 |
2019年 | 114篇 |
2018年 | 121篇 |
2017年 | 108篇 |
2016年 | 121篇 |
2015年 | 87篇 |
2014年 | 117篇 |
2013年 | 246篇 |
2012年 | 181篇 |
2011年 | 244篇 |
2010年 | 178篇 |
2009年 | 190篇 |
2008年 | 238篇 |
2007年 | 192篇 |
2006年 | 145篇 |
2005年 | 142篇 |
2004年 | 104篇 |
2003年 | 103篇 |
2002年 | 67篇 |
2001年 | 86篇 |
2000年 | 86篇 |
1999年 | 99篇 |
1998年 | 222篇 |
1997年 | 147篇 |
1996年 | 135篇 |
1995年 | 99篇 |
1994年 | 78篇 |
1993年 | 69篇 |
1992年 | 37篇 |
1991年 | 39篇 |
1990年 | 50篇 |
1989年 | 46篇 |
1988年 | 36篇 |
1987年 | 41篇 |
1986年 | 50篇 |
1985年 | 54篇 |
1984年 | 37篇 |
1983年 | 31篇 |
1982年 | 44篇 |
1981年 | 39篇 |
1980年 | 50篇 |
1979年 | 32篇 |
1978年 | 33篇 |
1977年 | 36篇 |
1976年 | 52篇 |
1975年 | 29篇 |
1973年 | 28篇 |
排序方式: 共有5051条查询结果,搜索用时 39 毫秒
101.
The scale of large neuronal network simulations is memory limited due to the need to store connectivity information: connectivity storage grows as the square of neuron number up to anatomically relevant limits. Using the NEURON simulator as a discrete-event simulator (no integration), we explored the consequences of avoiding the space costs of connectivity through regenerating connectivity parameters when needed: just in time after a presynaptic cell fires. We explored various strategies for automated generation of one or more of the basic static connectivity parameters: delays, postsynaptic cell identities, and weights, as well as run-time connectivity state: the event queue. Comparison of the JitCon implementation to NEURON's standard NetCon connectivity method showed substantial space savings, with associated run-time penalty. Although JitCon saved space by eliminating connectivity parameters, larger simulations were still memory limited due to growth of the synaptic event queue. We therefore designed a JitEvent algorithm that added items to the queue only when required: instead of alerting multiple postsynaptic cells, a spiking presynaptic cell posted a callback event at the shortest synaptic delay time. At the time of the callback, this same presynaptic cell directly notified the first postsynaptic cell and generated another self-callback for the next delay time. The JitEvent implementation yielded substantial additional time and space savings. We conclude that just-in-time strategies are necessary for very large network simulations but that a variety of alternative strategies should be considered whose optimality will depend on the characteristics of the simulation to be run. 相似文献
102.
Sagar Chaki Edmund Clarke Natasha Sharygina Nishant Sinha 《Formal Methods in System Design》2008,32(3):235-266
This paper presents an automated and compositional procedure to solve the substitutability problem in the context of evolving software systems. Our solution contributes two
techniques for checking correctness of software upgrades: (1) a technique based on simultaneous use of over-and under-approximations
obtained via existential and universal abstractions; (2) a dynamic assume-guarantee reasoning algorithm—previously generated component assumptions are reused and altered on-the-fly to prove
or disprove the global safety properties on the updated system. When upgrades are found to be non-substitutable, our solution
generates constructive feedback to developers showing how to improve the components. The substitutability approach has been
implemented and validated in the ComFoRT reasoning framework, and we report encouraging results on an industrial benchmark.
This is an extended version of a paper, Dynamic Component Substitutability Analysis, published in the Proceedings of the Formal Methods 2005 Conference, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 3582, by the
same authors. This research was sponsored by the National Science Foundation under grant nos. CNS-0411152, CCF-0429120, CCR-0121547,
and CCR-0098072, the Semiconductor Research Corporation under grant no. TJ-1366, the US Army Research Office under grant no.
DAAD19-01-1-0485, the Office of Naval Research under grant no. N00014-01-1-0796, the ICAST project and the Predictable Assembly
from Certifiable Components (PACC) initiative at the Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University. The views
and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official
policies, either expressed or implied, of any sponsoring institution, the US government or any other entity. 相似文献
103.
Stella Clarke Gerhard Schillhuber Michael F. Zaeh Heinz Ulbrich 《Multimedia Systems》2008,13(4):253-261
The remote nature of telepresence scenarios can be seen as a strongpoint and also as a weakness. Although it enables the remote
control of robots in dangerous or inaccessible environments, it necessarily involves some kind of communication mechanism
for the transmission of control signals. This communication mechanism necessarily involves adverse network effects such as
delay. Three mechanisms aimed at improving the effects of network delay are presented in this paper: (1) Motion prediction
to partially compensate for network delays, (2) force prediction to learn a local force model, thereby reducing dependency
on delayed force signals, and (3) haptic data compression to reduce the required bandwidth of high frequency data. The utilized
motion prediction scheme was shown to improve operator performance, but had no influence on operator immersion. The force
prediction provided haptic feedback through synchronous forces from the local model, thereby stabilizing the control loop.
The developed haptic data compression scheme reduced the number of packets sent across the network by 90%, while improving
the quality of the haptic feedback. 相似文献
104.
Giannakis E Samuel CS Hewitson TD Boon WM Macris M Reeve S Lawrence J Ian Smith A Tregear GW Wade JD 《Proteomics. Clinical applications》2009,3(10):1211-1224
Kidney failure is a major health problem worldwide. Patients with end-stage renal disease require intensive medical support by dialysis or kidney transplantation. Current methods for diagnosis of kidney disease are either invasive or insensitive, and renal function may decline by as much as 50% before it can be detected using current techniques. The goal of this study was, therefore, to identify biomarkers of kidney disease (associated with renal fibrosis) that can be used for the development of a non-invasive clinical test for early disease detection. We utilized two protein-profiling technologies (SELDI-TOF MS and 2-D) to screen the plasma and kidney proteome for aberrantly expressed proteins in an experimental mouse model of unilateral uretric obstruction, which mimics the pathology of human renal disease. Several differentially regulated proteins were detected at the plasma level of day-3-obstructed animals, which included serum amyloid A1, fibrinogen α, haptoglobin precursor protein, haptoglobin and major urinary proteins 11 and 8. Differentially expressed proteins detected at the tissue level included ras-like activator protein 2, haptoglobin precursor protein, malate dehydrogenase, α enolase and murine urinary protein (all p<0.05 versus controls). Immunohistochemistry was used to confirm the up-regulation of fibrinogen. Interestingly, these proteins are largely separated into four major classes: (i) acute-phase reactants (ii) cell-signaling molecules (iii) molecules involved in cell growth and metabolism and (iv) urinary proteins. These results provide new insights into the pathology of obstructive nephropathy and may facilitate the development of specific assay(s) to detect and monitor renal fibrosis. 相似文献
105.
With the proliferation of macroergonomic field research, it is time to carefully examine how such research should be managed and implemented. We argue that the importance of attending to high-quality implementation of field research is equal to that of methodological rigor. One way to systematically manage the implementation process is to adopt a change management framework, wherein the research project is conceptualized as an instance of organization-level change. Consequently, principles for successful organization-level change from the literature on change management can be used to guide successful field research implementation. This paper briefly reviews that literature, deriving 30 principles of successful change management, covering topics such as political awareness, assembling the change team, generating buy-in, and management support. For each principle, corresponding suggestions for macroergonomic field research practice are presented. We urge other researchers to further develop and adopt frameworks that guide the implementation of field research. 相似文献
106.
D Winfield M Silbiger GS Brown L Clarke S Dwyer M Yaffe F Shtern 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1994,29(4):507-515
Digital mammography is one of the most promising novel technologies for further improvement of early detection of breast cancer, offering important potential advantages: 1) improved image quality; 2) digital image processing for improved lesion contrast; 3) computer-aided diagnosis for enhanced radiologic interpretation; and 4) teleradiology for facilitated radiologic consultation. The Diagnostic Imaging Research Branch of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) recently funded an international, multidisciplinary, multi-institutional Digital Mammography Development Group for collaborations between NCI, the academic community, and industry to facilitate the integrated development and implementation of digital mammographic systems. Currently, however, digital mammography faces a number of fundamental technological roadblocks: 1) cost-effective digital detectors and displays for imaging systems; 2) the need for novel algorithms for image processing and computer-aided diagnosis; and 3) high performance, low cost digital networks to provide an "information superhighway" for teleradiology. To solve some of these technological problems, the Diagnostic Imaging Research Branch of NCI joined efforts with the Technology Transfer Division of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration to pursue a federal technology transfer program in digital mammography. The authors discuss the findings and recommendations of the workshop entitled "Technology Transfer in Digital Mammography," which was organized and held jointly by the NCI and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration in May, 1993. Numerous innovative technologies of varying degree of promise for digital mammography were presented at the conference. In this article, specific technologies presented at the workshop by the federal and federally-supported laboratories are described, and critiques of these technologies by the leaders of the medical imaging community are presented. 相似文献
107.
First stage slurry reactor Fischer-Tropsch (FT) yield data from Mobil's two-step pilot plant operations for the DOE have been correlated using a modified Schulz-Flory approach but allowing for changes in the probability of chain growth, , at key product molecular weights. Triple values of are invoked to explain (1) the high methane yield and (2) the very broad molecular weight distribution of the wax fraction, as compared to (3) moderate values of 2 of between 0.79 and 0.85 for the C2–C20 hydrocarbons. Over this range, wax yields from 10 to 76 wt% are accommodated, at values of 3 from 0.90 to 0.98. The second break in the yield-molecular weight curve occurs at the carbon number where most of the component remains in the reactor as liquid rather than leaving as vapor product. It is assumed that this is a function of vapor-liquid equilibrium. The correlation has proven useful in developing a computer model of the FT synthesis loop which is part of a baseline design and economic study for DOE/PETC. 相似文献
108.
109.
Hanfei Li Fei Han Lulu Wang Laixin Huang Oluwarotimi Williams Samuel Hang Zhao Ruijie Xie Ping Wang Qiong Tian Qingsong Li Yang Zhao Mei Yu Jing Sun Ruofan Yang Xiaomeng Zhou Fei Li Guanglin Li Yi Lu Peizhi Guo Zhiyuan Liu 《Advanced functional materials》2023,33(29):2300859
Stretchable ultra-narrow (e.g., 10 µm in width) microelectrodes are crucial for the electrophysiological monitoring of single cells providing the fundamental understanding to the working mechanism of neuro network or other electrically functional cells. Current fabrication strategies either focus on the preparation of normal stretchable electrodes with hundreds of micrometers or millimeters in width by using inorganic conductive materials or develop conductive organic polymer gel for ultra-narrow electrodes which suffer from low stretchability and instability for long-term implantation, therefore, it is still highly desirable to explore bio-interfacial ultra-narrow stretchable inorganic electrodes. Herein, a hybrid strategy is reported to prepare ultra-narrow multi-channel stretchable microelectrodes without using photolithography or laser-assisting etching. A 10 µm × 10 µm monitoring window is fabricated with enhanced interfacial impedance by the special rough surface. The stretchability achieves to 120% for this 10 µm-width stretchable electrode. Supported by these superior properties, it is demonstrated that the stretchable microelectrodes can detect electrophysiological signals of single cells in vitro and collect electrophysiological signals more precisely in vivo. The reported strategy will open up the accessible preparation of the fine-size stretchable microelectrode. It will significantly improve the resolution of monitoring and stimulation of inorganic stretchable electrodes. 相似文献
110.
Juskanič Dominik Mištinová Jana Poláková Hollý Samuel Sekerešová Monika Koleják Kamil Pátrovič Lukáš 《Magma (New York, N.Y.)》2022,35(1):45-52
Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine - Oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) is pooled in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant glioma cells. Detecting 2HG by MR... 相似文献