Intra-arterial bolus of 125I labeled meglumine diatrizoate. Early extravascular distribution

A mixture of 125I labeled meglumine diatrizoate and 131I labeled human serum albumin was injected into the lower abdominal aorta of 30 anesthetized, laparotomized male rats. Measurements of the activities in cardiac blood and in different tissues of the hindlimbs and tests were perfomed at six time intervals ranging from 5 seconds to 2 minutes after injection, the determine early uptake and distribution volumes of diatrizoate. Concentrations and distribution volumes were initially much greater than values obtained after intravenous injection, but these differences had considerably decreased or disappeared by 2 minutes.     

Messenger RNA for renal phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP). Its translation in a heterologous cell-free system and its regulation by glucocorticoids and by changes in acid-base balance

A translational assay was used to measure the level of mRNA coding for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) (EC 4.1.1.32) in the rat kidney in various conditions in which the enzyme is induced. RNA extracted from whole kidneys was chromatographed on oligo(dT)-cellulose to select poly(A)-containing RNA. This crude mRNA preparation was able to stimulate amino acid incorporation into protein in a cell-free system containing an extract of wheat germ. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase could be detected among the polypeptides synthesized and quantitated by immunoprecipitation with a monospecific antibody followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The amount of enzyme synthesized was proportional to the quantity of RNA added. The level of mRNA coding for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase is increased 3-fold 6 h after triamcinolone injection. Translatable enzyme mRNA also increases 3-fold within 6 h of the onset of metabolic acidosis caused by an ammonium chloride load. In both cases, the increase in functional mRNA is commensurate with the stimulation of enzyme synthesis measured in vivo. Glucocorticoid administration and acidosis cause additive increases in the level of translatable phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase mRNA. The inductive effect of acidosis is preserved in the absence of the adrenals, hypophysis, thyroid, and parathyroids.     

HLA types, blood groups, serum protein and red cell enzyme types among Samoans in New Zealand

101 Samoans living in New Zealand, of whom 77 had no known non-Samoan ancestry, have been typed for nine blood group systems, four serum protein and 23 red cell enzyme systems, for haemoglobin variants and antigens at the HLA A nad B loci. The frequencies of genes in these various systems suggest that Samoans fall partly into an island Melanesian-Micronesian pattern, and partly are unique. Their uniqueness is most distinctive for the HLA system.     

Entorhinal cortex of aged subjects with Down''s syndrome shows severe neuronal loss caused by neurofibrillary pathology

OBJECTIVE: To examine directly the extent to which ICD-10 hyperkinetic disorder and DSM-IV attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) identify the same children with the same difficulties. METHOD: Participants were children referred for symptoms of overactivity, inattention, and impulsivity, and a normal control group. Diagnostic criteria for ICD-10 hyperkinetic disorder and DSM-IV ADHD were applied retrospectively. Four groups were identified: hyperkinetic disorder and ADHD (n = 21), ADHD only (n = 22), clinic control (n = 15), and normal control (n = 19). The groups were compared on measures reflecting the central characteristics of ADHD, neurodevelopmental functioning, academic and cognitive functioning, and the presence of conduct problems. RESULTS: There is some evidence of increased symptom severity in the combined diagnostic group. Few differences emerged on measures of neurodevelopmental, academic, and cognitive functioning. Rates of conduct disturbance were similar in both ADHD groups. CONCLUSIONS: DSM-IV criteria identify a broader group of children than those identified by ICD-10. However, there is substantial overlap between the groups formed with these different criteria.