Atypische Korrodierung der St?rke bei der mit Fusarium roseum und Gibberella Saubinetii befallenen amerikanischen Futtergerste

Zusammenfassung der Untersuchungsergebnisse Nach dem Ergebnis dieser Unterschung kann als festgestellt gelten, daß durch den Befall mit Fusarium roseum bezw. Gibberella Saubinetii die Stärke der befallenen Gerste in einer atypischen Weise korrodiert wird. Die Art dieser Korrodierung unterscheidet sich wesentlich, sowohl von der Korrodierung im keimenden Korn, als auch von der bei starkem Schimmelpilzbefall beobachteten Korrodierung. Die Ursache für die atypische Korrodierung kann in einem örtlichen Nährstoffentzug durch die Pilzhyphen angenommen werden (lokale Frementbildung). Da solche atypisch korrodierte Stärke in den von Fusarium roseum befallenen Teilen eines Kornes immer angetroffen wird, kann diese Veränderung zur Diagnose des Pilzes im Schrot und Mehl mit herangezogen werden.bedeutet mit Abbildungen.     

An Experimental Investigation into the Feed Rate Capacity of Rotary Valve and Blow Tank Feeders

Industry widely uses rotary valves and blow tanks for the pneumatic conveying of products, each having their pros and cons depending on the specific application. This article shows the differing results obtained when low-velocity conveying a product through a common pipeline using both a drop-through rotary valve and a bottom-discharge blow tank feeder. A number of issues arise in the rotary valve system, the main one being rotary valve air leakage. A blow tank system, on the other hand, does not leak, as it is an enclosed system. The experimental results show dramatic differences in product throughput. Further exploration leads to a novel modification being made to the rotary valve system in an attempt to increase its capacity. The result of this modification shows a slight increase in output tonnage, but still significantly less than that obtained from the blow tank.     

Organic matter release in low temperature thermal treatment of biological sludge for reduction of excess sludge production.

Thermal treatment applied in association with a biological system allows for a significant reduction in excess sludge production (approximately 50%). In general, heat treatment is described as a sludge disintegration technique. This paper offers a thorough study on the impact of heat treatment, at temperatures below 100 degrees C, on the solubilisation of the sludge COD and its biodegradability. Discontinuous heating experiments were performed on activated and digested sludge. At all temperatures tested the released COD for digested sludge was systematically higher than that for activated sludge (15 and 40%, respectively, at 95 degrees C for 40 min of contact time). For the first 30 min, a 1st order kinetic, with respect to the residual COD, was systematically found. In the range of 40-95 degrees C, digested sludge had a lower activation energy than activated sludge (26 kcal/mol compared to 70-160 kcal/mol). COD solubilisation is thus more positively influenced by temperature in the case of activated sludge. This may be due to the significant difference in the ratio of protein/carbohydrate in digested and activated sludge (1-5 and 0.2-0.7, respectively). The increase in the COD/TKN ratio in the solubilised fraction after thermal treatment of activated sludge suggests a preferential solubilisation of proteins over carbohydrates. Respirometric tests performed on the solubilised COD showed that whatever the sludge origin, only 40-50% of released COD is biodegradable at a conventional hydraulic retention time (i.e., 24 h). Hence, heat treatment would act more through organic matter solubilisation rather than by a biodegradability increase.     

Sampling and the discretization theorem

An algorithm was obtained for restoration of a continuous process from a finite number of its equispaced discrete samples. The necessary and sufficient sampling conditions were formulated.     

Power Distribution Fault Cause Identification With Imbalanced Data Using the Data Mining-Based Fuzzy Classification E-Algorithm

Power distribution systems have been significantly affected by many outage-causing events. Good fault cause identification can help expedite the restoration procedure and improve the system reliability. However, the data imbalance issue in many real-world data sets often degrades the fault cause identification performance. In this paper, the E-algorithm, which is extended from the fuzzy classification algorithm by Ishibuchi to alleviate the effect of imbalanced data constitution, is applied to Duke Energy outage data for distribution fault cause identification. Three major outage causes (tree, animal, and lightning) are used as prototypes. The performance of E-algorithm on real-world imbalanced data is compared with artificial neural network. The results show that the E-algorithm can greatly improve the performance when the data are imbalanced     

Guest Editors' Introduction: Overview of Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks could advance many scientific pursuits while providing a vehicle for enhancing various forms of productivity, including manufacturing, agriculture, construction, and transportation.     

Stability of a floating cylinder

A cylinder having a length less than 0.707 of its diameter will float with its axis vertical while one of length exceeding one diameter floats with its axis horizontal. This transition range was investigated and under certain circumstances, two stable positions of the cylinder axis were found in each quadrant of rotation. Details of behaviour in the transition range were attributed to the edges of the square-ended cylinder.     

Formaldehyde content of milk in goats fed formaldehyde-treated soybean oil-meal

Formaldehyde is used in ruminant feeding for different purposes including the protection of dietary proteins from ruminal degradation. The formaldehyde content of milk of goats fed various levels of formaldehyde-treated soybean oil-meal has been determined by using a sensitive HPLC method. Results showed a significant linear correlation between ingested formaldehyde and formaldehyde concentration in milk. About 0.02% of ingested formaldehyde was excreted in milk, as free formaldehyde.     

Use of electrochemical oxidation process as post-treatment for the effluents of a UASB reactor treating cellulose pulp mill wastewater.

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of the electrochemical oxidation process as a post-treatment for the effluents of a bench-scale UASB reactor treating simulated wastewater from an unbleached pulp plant. The oxidation process was performed using a single compartment cell with two plates as electrodes. The anode was made of Ti/Ru0.3Ti0.7O2 and the cathode of stainless steel. The following variables were evaluated: current density (75, 150 and 225 mA cm(-2)) and recirculation flow rate in the electrochemical cell (0.22, 0.45 and 0.90 L h(-1)). The increase in current density from 75 to 225 mA cm(-2) did not increased the color removal efficiency for the tested flow rates, 0.22, 0.45 and 0.90 L h(-1), however the energy consumption increased significantly. The results indicated the technical feasibility of the electrochemical treatment as post-treatment for UASB reactors treating wastewaters from pulp and paper plants.     

A remark on the converging-input converging-state property

Suppose that an equilibrium is asymptotically stable when external inputs vanish. Then, every bounded trajectory which corresponds to a control which approaches zero and which lies in the domain of attraction of the unforced system, must also converge to the equilibrium. This "well-known" but hard-to-cite fact is proved and slightly generalized here.