Verfahren zur Konditionierung von Rohgasen — Teil 1: Konditionierung durch elektrische Maßnahmen

The operating performance of plant for removal of particulates from gases can be positively influenced by crude gas conditioning and other additive measures. These processes involved introduction of additional material or additional energy into the plant. Set goals are the reduction of particle emissions, reduction of operating costs, adaptation to new boundary conditions, or the opening of new applications for the separators concerned. In the first of three surveys, conditioning by electrical means is considered. An account of the principles of electrically induced agglomeration is followed by a presentation and discussion of the possibilities and consequences of electrical effects applied to filtering separators, inertial separators, and wet separators. Wherever possible, points of practical relevance are also evaluated.     

Polarized FTIR photoacoustic spectroscopy on blends of thermoplastic poly(ether‐urethanes) with modified polypropylenes

Polarized Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) transmission and attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy are well‐known powerful tools to determine the orientation function of polymer materials. Both methods demand a special sample preparation. In our present studies, we used polarized FTIR photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) to determine the orientation function of real products from polymer processing without special preparation. We compare the results with those obtained with polarized FTIR transmission spectroscopy. It is demonstrated that polarized FTIR–PAS is useful to describe differences in the orientational behavior of hard and soft segments of thermoplastic poly(ether‐urethane) in different elongated blends with common polypropylene and polypropylene grafted with maleic anhydride. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 75: 1194–1204, 2000     

TEMPO‐controlled radical suspension polymerization of poly(styrene)‐block‐poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) and poly(styrene)‐block‐poly(styrene‐co‐butyl methacrylate)

Suspension polymerization expands the study of controlled radical polymerization to high conversions and is known as a method to synthesize polymers with high molecular weights. The radical block copolymerizations of styrene (S) and acrylonitrile (AN) or butyl methacrylate (BUMA) controlled by 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxyl (TEMPO) was performed in an oil/water pressure reactor system at a temperature of 125°C. TEMPO‐terminated styrene homopolymer was employed as macroinitiator. The systems were examined by varying the composition of the monomer mixture at a constant reaction time, as well as by varying the reaction time for a characteristic monomer composition to get all of the possible conversion range. The solubility effects of acrylonitrile in the suspension medium were considered. Furthermore, the yield of the reaction was improved through initiator addition by taking control of the reaction. The polymerizations could proceed under control up to a conversion of 80–90%. By using the copolymerization equations, the solubility of pure acrylonitrile in the suspension medium could be calculated and was found to be 8 wt.‐%.