Smoking following myocardial infarction: A critical review of the literature.

Reviews studies on the effects of quitting smoking following acute myocardial infarction (MI). Topics discussed include definitions of abstinence used in the literature, reliance on patient self-reports, and personality and environment variables. Findings indicate that a significant number of MI patients quit smoking without receiving formal training and that those who quit suffer less subsequent mortality from coronary heart disease. It is argued that studies have overestimated cessation rates and underestimated negative effects of continued smoking due to their methodology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Activation of low dose silicon implants in GaAs by multiply scanned electron beams

Low dose implants of Si+ into semi-insulating GaAs have been annealed with the multiply scanned electron beam processing system. The activation of ions was about 55%, with a high peak concentration and a carrier mobility of 3800 cm2/Vs. The samples were unencapsulated and showed no surface degradation after annealing.     

Peer preferences and social interaction among third-grade children in an integrated school district.

Assessed social interaction among Black and White 3rd-grade children in 9 classrooms. The children were in integrated schools since kindergarten. Two methods were employed: a roster-and-rating sociometric technique and a classroom behavioral observation procedure using sequential time sampling. Sociometric data were obtained for 179 White and 48 Black children. Observational data were obtained for 39 White and 39 Black children. Both race and sex were found to be significant determinants of sociometric ratings for play and work. Omega-squared analyses, however, indicated that sex accounted for 43.2% of the variance on play and 35.2% on work, while race accounted for only about 1% of the variance on each measure. The observational data indicate a positive pattern of classroom interaction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Tungsten thermionic emitter surfaces improved by chemical vapor deposition

Surfaces can be produced with a high degree of preferred crystal orientation. Observation indicates that emission is uniform.     

Continuous countercurrent vacuum bleaching

Summary The Votator continuous countercurrent vacuum bleaching system has been described and compared with older methods of bleaching. Data have been presented, comparing the performance of batch open kettle-, batch vacuum-, and continuous countercurrent vacuum-bleaching systems. These data indicate that the vacuum methods of bleaching result in a superior quality bleached oil with the use of less adsorbent. They also prove the value of countercurrent contacting of oil and adsorbent as practiced in the Votator system. The economic aspects of bleaching have been discussed, proving that the continuous countercurrent vacuum-bleaching system, due to its automatic operation, compactness, and savings in adsorbent operates at a considerably lower cost than either batch method. Data have been offered to show the qualitative advantages of vacuum-bleached oils over atmospheric-bleached oils.     

Chromatographically homogeneous lecithin from egg phospholipids

Chromatographically homogeneous egg lecithin, as determined by TLC on Silica Gel G, has been isolated from crude egg phosphatides by column chromatography on alumina through modification of existing, lengthy methods. The modified method involved application of crude egg phosphatides to a column of alumina in the proportion of 1 g phosphatide/25 g alumina, and elution of the lecithin fraction with the 2-component solvent system chloroform:methanol, 9:1 by vol. This method of purification separated lecithin from other choline and non-choline components of crude phosphatides, avoided overloading of the alumina column, and made unnecessary the need for a second chromatographic fractionation of partially purified lecithin on silicic acid, which is needed in existing methods of purification of lecithin. The use of fresh yolks permitted easier removal of pigment from the final product than was possible with commercially dried yolks. Phosphatides extracted from dried yolks were much more highly colored than were the phosphatides extracted from fresh yolks and the color presisted through chromatography on alumina. The fatty acid/phosphorus molar ratio of the purified lecithin was 2.00, which is the theoretical FA/P molar ratio of phosphatidylcholine; other materials with this ratio were not present. Presented at the AOCS Meeting, New Orleans, 1964. A laboratory of the So. Utiliz. Res. & Dev. Div., ARS, USDA.     

The nutritional and physiological impact of milk in human nutrition

The nutritional value of milk as an important source of energy, high‐quality protein, calcium, and riboflavin has been recognized for many years. Currently, the widespread use and promotion of milk in the U.S. as well as developing countries has been questioned. This review examines the nutrient composition of dairy products, factors that account for variability in composition of milk, milk processing, preservation, quality control, and contaminants (such as minerals, radionuclides, antibiotics, microorganisms and their metabolites, herbicides, and insecticides) in milk. Consumption patterns for milk and evidence for its nutritional value, especially in children, are presented. Milk consumption has been related to disease or conditions such as atherosclerosis, milk allergy, lactose intolerance, anemia, dental problems, and others. Recent recommendations for dietary changes for individuals in the U.S. and other developed countries could affect the use of milk. In addition, the use of feeding programs in the U.S. and developing countries which are based primarily on milk has been criticized. The preparation of new types of milk designed to offset certain difficulties encountered with cow's milk are now being evaluated in humans.     

Antioxygenic properties of molecularly distilled fractions of peanut oil

Summary 1. Samples of unhydrogenated and hydrogenated peanut oils, which had been refined, bleached, and deodorized, were separated into two comparable series of fractions by molecular distillation. The various fractions were analyzed for tocopherols (and related chromogens) by the method of Furter and Meyer, and stability tests by the Swift method were made on the larger distilled fractions. 2. Molecular distillation at 140°, 160°, and 180° C. yielded antioxidant concentrates (presumably of tocopherols) from each oil; distillation at 240° yielded fractions almost devoid of antioxygenic substances. 3. In the unhydrogenated and hydrogenated oils, approximately 40 percent and 20 percent, respectively, of the chromogenic substances reacting in the Furter-Meyer tests were undistillable and remained in the residue comprising 10 percent of the original oil. 4. Evidence was found of the presence of distillable antioxidants other than tocopherols, which either do not respond to the Furter-Meyer test or else respond to it weakly, in proportion to their antioxygenic activity. 5. Hydrogenation of the oil had no appreciable effect on the activity of its distillable antioxidants. 6. The progressively increased addition of tocopherol-rich concentrates to fractions almost devoid of antioxidants resulted in first decreasing and then increasing the initial rate of peroxide formation in the stability tests. 7. In the case of the unhydrogenated oil, there was an optimum level of antioxidant concentration above which the addition of these substances had no stabilizing action. However, hydrogenated oil showed an increase in stability with the addition of antioxidants up to the highest level to which the concentration of the latter was carried (approximately 0.15 percent, calculated asa-tocopherol). Presented before the American Oil Chemists’ Society Meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana, May 12 to 14, 1943.     

Fundamental role of the retarded potential in the electrodynamics of superluminal sources

We calculate the gradient of the radiation field generated by a polarization current with a superluminally rotating distribution pattern and show that the absolute value of this gradient increases as R(7/2) with distance R, within the sharply focused subbeams that constitute the overall radiation beam from such a source. In addition to supporting the earlier finding that the azimuthal and polar widths of these subbeams become narrower (as R(-3) and R(-1), respectively) with distance from the source, this result implies that the boundary contribution to the solution of the wave equation governing the radiation field does not always vanish in the limit where the boundary tends to infinity (as is commonly assumed in textbooks and the published literature). While the boundary contribution to the retarded solution for the potential can always be rendered equal to zero by means of a gauge transformation that preserves the Lorenz condition, the boundary contribution to the retarded solution of the wave equation for the field may be neglected only if it diminishes with distance faster than the contribution of the source density. In the case of a rotating superluminal source, however, the boundary term in the retarded solution for the field is by a factor of the order of R(1/2)larger than the source term of this solution, in the limit where the boundary tends to infinity. This result explains why an argument based on the solution of the wave equation governing the field in which the boundary term is neglected [such as that presented by Hannay, J. Opt. Soc. A 23, 1530 (2006)] misses the nonspherical decay of the field that is generated by a rotating superluminal source. The only way one can calculate the free-space radiation field of an accelerated superluminal source is via the retarded solution for the potential. Our findings have implications also for the observations of the pulsar emission: The more distant a pulsar, the narrower and brighter its giant pulses should be.