Linear stability analysis of hydrodynamic journal bearings under micropolar lubrication

The dynamic characteristics of hydrodynamic journal bearings lubricated with micropolar fluids are presented. The modified Reynolds equation is obtained using the micropolar lubrication theory. Applying the first order perturbation of the film thickness and steady state film pressure, the dynamic characteristics in terms of the components of stiffness and damping coefficients, critical mass parameter and whirl ratio are obtained with respect to the micropolar property for varying eccentricity ratios and slenderness ratios. The results show that micropolar fluid exhibits better stability in comparison with Newtonian fluid.     

Upper bound analysis of extrusion of I-section bars from square/rectangular billets through square dies

In the present study the SERR technique has been reformulated to deal with extrusion of sections with/without re-entrant corners. A comprehensive computational model has been developed for this reformulated technique. The model has been used to analyse extrusion of I-section bars and the computed results have been compared with experimental values available in literature.     

High stress abrasive wear behaviour of aluminium hard particle composites: Effect of experimental parameters, particle size and volume fraction

High stress abrasive wear behaviour of aluminium alloy (ADC-12)–SiC particle reinforced composites has been studied as a function of applied load, reinforcement size and volume fraction, and has been compared with that of the matrix alloy. Two different size ranges (25–50 and 50–80 μm) of SiC particles have been used for synthesizing ADC-12–SiC composite. The volume fraction of SiC particles has been varied in the ranges from 5 to 15 wt%. It has been noted that the abrasive wear rate of the alloy reduced considerably due to addition of SiC particle and the wear rate of composite decreases linearly with increase in SiC content. It has also been noted that the wear resistance of composite varies inversely with square of the reinforcement size. The wear rate of the alloy and composite has been found to be a linear function of applied load but invariant to the abrasive size; at critical abrasive size, transition in wear behaviour is noted. This has been explained through analytically derived equations and wear–surface examination.     

Silver nanoparticles decorated polypyrrole/graphene nanocomposite: A potential candidate for next‐generation supercapacitor electrode material

In the present study, we report a simple method to synthesize silver (Ag)‐polypyrrole (PPy)/graphene (Gr) nanocomposite as efficient electrode materials for supercapacitor application. The probable interaction between Ag nanoparticles with both PPy and Gr were characterized by FTIR, UV–visible, and Raman spectroscopies. The morphological analysis confirmed that the Gr sheets are uniformly coated by PPy and in the coated Gr sheets there is the presence of Ag nanoparticles. The Ag‐PPy/Gr nanocomposite achieved the highest specific capacitance of 472 F/g at a 0.5 A/g current density. Better energy and power density also obtained for the nanocomposite. The presence of both Ag nanoparticles and Gr is the main reason for the enhancement of the electrochemical properties of the nanocomposite. Based on the superior electrochemical properties, the nanocomposite can be used for next‐generation supercapacitor electrode material. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44724.     

Vegetable fillers for electric stimuli responsive elastomers

Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) have been studied widely in recent years for artificial muscle applications, but their implementation into production is limited due to high operating voltages required. The actuation behavior of dielectric elastomer under an applied electric field is predicted by Maxwell's pressure and thickness strain equations. According to these equations, the best electromechanical response is achieved when the relative permittivity is high and elastic modulus is low. The potential source for additives increasing the relative permittivity of rubbers can be vegetable powders that have much higher dielectric constant than common elastomers. In the present research, the dielectric and actuation properties of polyacrylate rubber (ACM) were studied after the addition of different vegetable‐based fillers such as potato starch, corn starch, garlic, and paprika. The results were compared to ACM filled with barium titanate. The compounds containing vegetable fillers showed higher relative dielectric permittivity at 1 Hz frequency than the compounds containing barium titanate due to higher interfacial polarization. The actuation studies showed that lower electric fields are required to generate certain actuation forces when the starches and garlic are used in the rubber instead of barium titanate. Therefore, the vegetable‐based fillers can be used to improve actuation performance of DEAs. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 45081.     

Flow pattern transition in gas‐liquid downflow through narrow vertical tubes

The present report studies on the flow pattern transitions during vertical air water downflow through millichannels (0.83 ≤ Eötvös no. ≤ 20.63). Four basic flow patterns namely falling film flow, slug flow, bubbly flow, and annular flow are observed in the range of experimental conditions studied and their range of existence has been noted to vary with tube diameter and phase velocities. Based on experimental observations, phenomenological models are proposed to predict the transition boundaries between adjacent patterns. These have been validated with experimental flow pattern maps from the present experiments. Thus the study formalizes procedure for developing a generalized flow pattern map for gas‐liquid downflow in narrow tubes. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 792–800, 2017     

Experimental study of microstructure,mechanical and tribological properties of cBN particulates SS316 alloy based MMCs fabricated by DMLS technique

Direct metal laser sintering process (DMLS) was chosen to develop cBN particulates reinforced SS316 based Metal matrix composite (MMC) with 5 %, 7.5 % and 10 % cBN in the nitrogen gas atmosphere using continuous wave fibre laser of 400 W output capacity. Effects of process parameters such as laser power, beam scanning speed and the mixing ratio of powder on different physical properties of the developed MMC were investigated. It was found that the physical and mechanical properties such as friction and wear behavior, micro hardness and density come up with improved results. FESEM images indicate the microstructure of the composite and evidently confirms the presence of cubic boron nitride in the SS316 matrix where chromium nitride acted as a binder in the presence of nitrogen atmosphere. The Vickers hardness values of the developed MMCs with laser power 60 W and 65 W were found in the range of 276-478 HV_0.2 and 297-460 HV_0.2, respectively. It was found that Vickers hardness is directly proportional to the % of cBN in the powder mixture and the laser beam power. The wear resistance of the sintered MMCs increased with increasing cBN content in powder mixture and results show that wear of MMCs are much lower than that of SS316. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the fabricated MMC confirms the presence of different phases such as cBN, CrN, CrB₂, Cr₂N and Fe₃N as a consequence of a series of chemical reaction between cBN and different elements of SS316 in nitrogen atmosphere.     

Minimized SER and QOS Based Power Allocation Strategies for Multi HDAF Relay Cooperative Network

In this paper, a multi hybrid decode-amplify-forward relay cooperative network with perfect CSI in flat Rayleigh fading channel is considered. Using moment generating function based approach, the closed form of symbol error rate (SER) with asymptotic approximation is derived. Based on the lower bound of SER (Olfat and Olfat in IET Commun 5(4):2018–2027, 2011), Lagrange multiplier method and differential evolution (DE) algorithm based power allocation schemes are proposed. With fixed source power, the relay powers are optimized with the proposed schemes by the power allocation factor. Further the SER performance of proposed power allocation schemes is investigated by varying the location of the relays. The performance gain of proposed power allocation schemes depends on the channel quality of source to relay and relay to destination links. It is observed that the proposed power allocation schemes outperform the equal power allocation scheme and DE based power allocation provides SER response close to power allocation with Lagrange multiplier method. In order to achieve the target SER (quality of service) minimum power allocation is introduced as minimum relay power allocation and minimum source and relay power allocation.

     

空位缺陷金红石型TiO2电子结构和光学性质的理论研究

基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理模守恒赝势 方法,对纯金红石型TiO₂和Ti、O两种空位缺 陷相的几何结构、能带结构、态密度(DOS)以及光学性质进行了 系统地对比研究。结果发现,含有空 位缺陷的TiO₂键长增大,原子布局值减小并出现微弱的磁性;空位缺陷导致导带变窄,导 带和价带 都向低能级方向移动,由空位原子贡献的载流子增强了体系的电导率,费米能级上移进入导 带;与 纯金红石型TiO₂的直接带隙宽度(3.0eV)相比较,Ti空位缺陷相转 变为P型半导体且直接带隙为1.816 eV,而O空位缺陷相转变为n型半导体且间接带隙为1.961eV。同时, 两种空位缺陷结构的介电峰显 著红移,折射率有明显变化,对可见光区的吸收系数均比纯TiO₂高。与O空位结构相比,Ti 空位结构的 介电常数、折射率、消光因子和对可见光的吸收强度更大,更能增强电子在低能端的光学跃 迁,具有更佳的可见光催化性能。